^{Page 378 note 1} Peter Chaadaev cited by Koyré, Alexandre, La Philosophie et le problème nationale en Russie au début du XIX^e siècle (Paris, 1929), pp. 20–1.Google Scholar All translations from French and Russian are by the author of this article.

^{Page 379 note 1} Iurii Samarin, cited and translated by Zernov, Nicolas, Three Russian Prophets (London, 1944), p. 53.Google Scholar

^{Page 379 note 2} For a discussion of the neo-traditional position, see Curtin, Philip, ‘African Reactions in Perspective’, in Curtin, Philip (ed.), Africa and the West (Madison, 1972), pp. 231–44.Google Scholar

^{Page 379 note 3} Khomiakov, Aleksei S., Polnoe Sobranie Sochinenii, edited by Khomiakov, Dimitri (Moscow, 1900), Vol. I, pp. 281–3.Google Scholar The best general account of intellectual currents in this period is by Malia, Martin, Alexander Herzen and the Birth of Russian Socialism (Cambridge, Mass. 1961), especially chs. 12–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{Page 380 note 1} Khomiakov, op. cit. Vol. I, pp. 264–5 and 303–5. The differences between Westerners and Slavophiles have been emphasised in this article. For internal disagreements among the Slavophiles, see Gleason, Abbot, European and Moscovite: Ivan Kireevsky and the Origins of Slavophilism (Cambridge, Mass., 1973).Google Scholar

^{Page 380 note 2} Khomiakov, op. cit. Vol. I, p. 283.

^{Page 381 note 1} Ibid. Vol. I, pp. 204–12, and Vol. III, pp. 466–7.

^{Page 381 note 2} Ibid. Vol. III, p. 70.

^{Page 381 note 3} Ibid. Vol. I, pp. 23 and 29.

^{Page 381 note 4} Ibid. Vol. III, pp. 105–16.

^{Page 382 note 1} Senghor, Léopold Sédar, ‘Ce que l'homme noir apporte’, in Liberté I: négritude et humanisme (Paris, 1964), p. 24.Google Scholar

^{Page 382 note 2} Ibid. p. 203.

^{Page 382 note 3} Ibid. p. 259.

^{Page 383 note 1} Senghor, Léopold Sédar, On African Socialism (New York, 1964), p. 93,Google Scholar and ‘Négritude and African Socialism’, in St Anthony's Papers. No. 15 (London, 1963), pp. 139–47.Google Scholar

^{Page 383 note 2} Senghor, Léopold Sédar, Poémes (Paris, 1964), p. 23.Google Scholar

^{Page 383 note 3} Senghor, Léopold Sédar, ‘Les Données du probléme’, in Développement et socialisme (Paris, 1963), pp. 11–17.Google Scholar

^{Page 384 note 1} For details, see Riasanovsky, Nicholas, Russia and the West in the Teaching of the Slavophiles (Cambridge, Mass., 1952).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{Page 384 note 2} Hymans, Jacques, Léopold Sédar Senghor: an intellectual biography (Edinburgh, 1971), chs. 6–14.Google Scholar

^{Page 384 note 3} Senghor, Léopold Sédar, ‘De la Négritude: psychologie du négro-africain’, in Diogenes (Florence), XXXVII, 1962, p. 8.Google Scholar

^{Page 385 note 1} Khomiakov, op. cit. Vol. 1, pp. 17–19.

^{Page 385 note 2} Mannheim, Karl, ‘Conservative Thought’, in Kecskemeti, Paul (ed.), Karl Mannheim: essays on sociology and social psychology (London, 1953), pp. 74–164.Google Scholar

^{Page 385 note 3} Walicki, Adam, ‘Personality and Society in the Ideology of the Russian Slavophiles: a study in the sociology of knowledge’, in California Slavic Studies (Berkeley and Los Angeles), II, 1963, pp. 8–20.Google Scholar

^{Page 387 note 1} See Johnson, G. Wesley Jr, The Emergence of Black Politics in Senegal (Stanford, 1971);Google ScholarCros, Charles, La Parole est à Blaise Diagne (Paris, n.d.);Google Scholar and Guèye, Lamine, Itinéraire africaine (Paris, 1966).Google Scholar

^{Page 387 note 2} Diouf, Galandou, La Sénégal, 8 07 and 08 1937.Google Scholar

^{Page 387 note 3} Galandou Diouf, ‘La Politique au colonies’, ibid. 8 August 1936, and ‘Sauvons Sénégal d'abord’, ibid. 25 February 1937.

^{Page 388 note 1} Markovitz, Irving, Léopold Sédar Senghor and the Politics of Négritude (New York, 1969), pp. 12–13.Google Scholar

^{Page 388 note 2} Milcent, Ernest and Sardet, Monique, Léopold Sédar Senghor (Paris, 1969), pp. 81–105.Google Scholar

^{Page 389 note 1} See Weber, Max, The Protestant Ethic (New York, 1958 edn.), especially pp. 180 ff.;Google ScholarDurkheim, Emile, The Division of Labor in Society (Glencoe, 1933);Google Scholar and Bottomore, T. B., Sociology (London, 1962), pp. 93 and 113–14 on Tönnies.Google Scholar

^{Page 389 note 2} Khomiakov, op. cit. Vol. I, pp. 204–5; and Senghor, , Liberté I, pp. 257 and 423.Google Scholar

^{Page 390 note 1} For other examples, see von Grunebaum, Gustav, ‘Acculturation as a Theme in Contemporary Arab Literature’, in Diogenes, XXXIX, 1962, pp. 84–118;CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Nikki Keddie, ‘Western Rule versus Western Values: suggestions for a comparative study of Asian intellectual history’, Ibid. XXXVI, 1959, pp. 71–96.

^{Page 391 note 1} Christoff, Peter K., An Introduction to Nmneteenth Century Slavophilism: Khomiakov (The Hague, 1961), pp. 111–12.Google Scholar

^{Page 392 note 1} Williams, Raymond, The City and the Country (New York, 1973), pp. 35 ff.Google Scholar

^{Page 392 note 2} Markovitz, op. cit. chs. VI and VIII.

^{Page 393 note 1} Senghor, Lépold Sédar, ‘La Communauté économique comme cadre du développement’, in Béme Congrès de l'Union progressiste sénégalaise. Texte intégral de tous les rapports (Dakar, 1972), pp. 7–13.Google Scholar