Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 November 2008
The devaluation of the Communauté financière africaine (CFA) franc occurred on 12 January 1994. Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic, Comoros, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, and Senegal were immediately affected as the value of their currency decreased by 50 per cent. One French franc now became worth 100 instead of 50 CFA – in reality a 100 per cent increase in the cost of goods purchased on the international market with the CFA franc.
1 Wilson, Ernest, ‘French Support for Structural Adjustment Programs in Africa’, in World Development (Oxford), 21, 3, 1993, p. 336.Google Scholar
2 The Guardian (London), 13 01 1994,Google Scholar and The Washington Post, 14 January 1994. See Chazan, Naomi, Mortimer, Robert, Ravenhil, John, and Rothchild, Donald, Politics and Society in Contemporary Africa (Boulder, CO, 1992 edn.), pp. 305–16,Google Scholar and Shaw, Timothy M., Reformism and Revisionism in Africa's Political Economy in the 1990s: the dialectics of adjustment (Basingstoke and New York, 1993), pp. 103–5.Google Scholar
3 World Bank, Adjustment in Africa: reforms, results, and the road ahead (New York, 1994), p. 4.Google Scholar
4 Ibid. pp. 4–5.
5 See, for example, Cheru, Fantu, The Silent Revolution in Africa: debt, development and democracy (London and New Jersey, 1989);Google ScholarElson, Diane, ‘From Survival Strategies to Transformation Strategies: women's needs and structural adjustment’, in Beneria, Lourdes and Feldman, Shelley (eds.), Unequal Burden: economic crisis, persistent poverty (Boulder, CO, 1982);Google Scholar and Harrigan, J. and Moseley, Paul, ‘World Bank Policy-Based Lending, 1980–7: an evaluation’, Discussion Paper No. 18, Institute of Policy Development and Management, University of Manchester, 1989.Google Scholar
6 Martin, Guy, ‘Continuity and Change in Franco-African Relations’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), 33, 1, 03 1995, p. 19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7 Young, Arthur Associates for US AID, Bureau for Africa, Informal Financial Markets: Senegal and Zaïre. Final Report (Washington, DC, 1989), p. ii.Google Scholar
8 Les Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens (Paris), 6 01 1995,Google Scholar and Le Soleil (Dakar), 13 01 1995.Google Scholar
9 Rouis, Mustapha, ‘Senegal: stabilization, partial adjustment, and stagnation’, in Husain, Ishrat and Faruqee, Rashid (eds.), Adjustment in Africa: lessons from country case studies (Washington, DC, 1994), pp. 286–351.Google Scholar
10 Ibid. p. 290. See also, Gellar, Sheldon, Senegal: an African nation between Islam and the West (Boulder, 1982), pp. 45–65.Google Scholar
11 Rouis, ‘Senegal’, p. 291.
12 Le Soleil, 13 April 1995.
13 Les Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens, 6 January 1995.
14 Le Soleil, 13 April 1995.
15 Vengroff, Richard and Creevey, Lucy, ‘Social Impact Assessment of the ACEP Private Sector Credit Project’, US AID, Washington, DC, 1994.Google Scholar
16 See, for example, Sambona, Julian, ‘Africa-Economy: devaluations worsen countries ills, say experts’, in Byline, Interpress Service, 24 February 1994.Google Scholar