^{Page 2 note 1} E.g. Sigmund, Paul E., The Ideologies of the Developing Nations (New York and London, 1963)Google Scholar, and Wallerstein, I., ‘The Political Ideology of the P.D.G.’, in Présence africaine (Paris), XII, p. 40, 1962Google Scholar. See Zolberg, Aristide, Creating Political Order (Chicago, 1966), p. 39Google Scholar, for the psychological, social, and cultural need for such maps.

^{Page 3 note 1} For example, by Finer, S. E., ‘The One-party Régimes in Africa: reconsiderations’, in Government and Opposition (London), II, 4, 07 1967, pp. 494–7.Google Scholar

^{Page 3 note 2} See Arrighi, Giovanni and Saul, John, ‘Socialism and Economic Development in Tropical Africa,’ in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), VI, 2, 08 1968, especially pp. 146–7 and 156–61.Google Scholar

^{Page 3 note 3} Finer, op. cit. pp. 492–4.

^{Page 3 note 4} There is a large literature, for example, on whether the ‘democratic one-party states’ are democratic in any useful sense of the word.

^{Page 3 note 5} See Zolberg, op. cit. p. 59, and Saul, John, ‘Africa’, in Ionescu, Ghita and Gellner, Ernest (eds.), Populism (London, 1969), especially pp. 141–5.Google Scholar

^{Page 4 note 1} Zolberg, op. cit. ch. 2; this approach, at any rate, is implicit in much of Zolberg's discussion, though a formal definition is lacking.

^{Page 4 note 2} On which, let me hasten to add, many of Zolberg's views seem to me admirable.

^{Page 4 note 3} Zolberg, op. cit. pp. 53–4.

^{Page 4 note 4} Even in the ‘ideological’ one-party states, the ideology generally has to be assembled by its investigator from several speeches or papers, few of which are systematically arranged; see, for example, Wallerstein, loc. cit., or Snyder, Francis G., ‘The Political Thought of Modibo Keita’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies, v, 1, 1967.Google Scholar

^{Page 5 note 1} Zolberg, op. cit. p. 60.

^{Page 5 note 2} Snyder, loc. cit.

^{Page 5 note 3} I have myself written a paper under this title, closely comparing Nyerere and Rousseau; in retrospect, I cannot help being rather relieved that it was never published.

^{Page 6 note 1} It would be instructive to see how many elements in the single-party ideology could be matched from the ideology of Harold Wilson. Hard work and unity behind the government in pursuit of national goals are certainly there (‘it means putting Britain first’); so are the conspiratorial view of opposition (‘this tightly knit group of politically motivated men’) and the fervent belief in the value of economic development (‘the white heat of the technological revolution’). Threats directed at irresponsible sub-groups such as the trade unions are also familiar, and there are even occasional hints of an appeal to the classless society.

^{Page 6 note 2} Chilcote, Ronald A., ‘The Political Thought of Amilcar Cabral’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies, VI, 3, 10 1968.Google Scholar

^{Page 7 note 1} Ibid. p. 381; it is not clear from the context whether it is Cabral or Chilcote who believes that these rights are to be found in the U.N. Charter.

^{Page 7 note 2} Ibid. p. 383.

^{Page 7 note 3} See Saul, op. cit. and Arrighi and Saul, loc. cit.

^{Page 8 note 1} As Saul makes clear, op. cit. p. 146.

^{Page 8 note 2} This seems to be the basis, for example, of Duffy, James and Manners, Robert A., Africa Speaks (Princeton, 1961).Google Scholar

^{Page 8 note 3} Not the only one: corruption and force are others; but words are cheap.

^{Page 9 note 1} This point has been recognised since the first studies of this subject, as in Hodgkin, Thomas, ‘A Note on the Language of African Nationalism’, in Kirkwood, Kenneth (ed.), St Antony's Papers Number 10 (London, 1961).Google Scholar

^{Page 9 note 2} Charter of the Pan African Freedom Movement for East and Central Africa, as quoted by Hodgkin, ibid. p. 26.

^{Page 10 note 1} As Saul, loc. cit. pp. 141–3, belabours Worsley for doing.

^{Page 10 note 2} As Finer does, loc. cit. pp. 494–9.

^{Page 11 note 1} At a C.P.P. rally in Accra, June 1955, quoted from Austin, Dennis, Politics in Ghana (London, 1964), p. 31 n.Google Scholar

^{Page 12 note 1} From the text advertised in The Times (London), 22 05 1969, by the Zambia High Commission.Google Scholar

^{Page 13 note 1} The Times, 27 March and 14 January 1967.

^{Page 13 note 2} See Le Monde (Paris), 28 12 1965.Google Scholar