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Arms Supply to the Third World — Models and Explanations
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 November 2008
Summary
This article has pointed out the increasing importance of the arms trade in the contemporary international system, and has reviewed critically the essential scholarly works devoted to this topic. Arguing that most of the existing literature is either descriptive or only very partially explanatory, I have suggested a set of five requirements for a satisfactory understanding. Following an analysis of the relationships between these ideal criteria and segments of the theoretically oriented literature, I have outlined an original, though preliminary, model for a systematic analysis of arms supply as an international political phenomenon
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References
Page 91 note 1 Stanley, John and Pearton, Maurice, The International Trade in Arms (London, 1972), p. 7.Google Scholar
Page 91 note 2 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Yearbook (Cambridge, Mass., 1975), pp. 220–1.Google Scholar Preliminary estimates for 1975 and 1976 indicate considerable further increases; Newsweek (New York), 6 09 1976, p. 41.Google Scholar
Page 92 note 1 Cahn, Anne H., ‘Have Arms, Will Sell’, in Arms Control Today (Washington), IV, 10, 10 1974, pp. 1–3.Google Scholar
Page 92 note 2 Time Magazine (New York), 3 03 1975.Google Scholar
Page 92 note 3 The Bell AH-IJ gunship helicopter will be delivered simultaneously to the Iranian and the American armies, and the British Hawker-Siddeley ‘Hawk’ plane designed for the R.A.F. will be available to the Egyptian air force. The MIG-23 swing-wing interceptor aircraft was supplied to Syria by the Soviet Union ahead of its allies in the Warsaw Pact.
Page 92 note 4 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Arms Trade Registers: the arms trade with the Third World (Stockholm, 1975), p. 168.Google Scholar
Page 92 note 5 An abridged version of The Arms Trade with the Third World (Harmondsworth, 1975)Google Scholar has drawn on more recent material, and covers the period 1950 to 1972. Important analyses and data collected by the Stockholm Institute can be found also in the annual S.I.P.R.I. Yearbook of World Armaments and Disarmaments.
Page 93 note 1 The other six reports produced by the M.I.T. Center for International Studies are as follows: Amelia C. Leiss, Changing Patterns of Arms Transfers; Geoffrey Kemp, Classification of Weapons Systems and Force Design in Less Developed Country Environment; Jacob Refson, US Military Fraining and Advice: implications for arms transfer policies; Geoffrey Kemp, Some Relationships between US Military Training in Latin America and Weapons Acquisition Patterns, 1959–1969; John H. Hoagland, World Combat Aircraft Inventories and Production, 1970–1975; and John H. Hoagland and Patricia A. Clapp, Notes on Small Arms Traffic.
Page 93 note 2 The following Adelphi Papers published by the London Institute for Strategic Studies are of particular interest: No. 15, Bell, M. J. V., Military Assistance to Independent African States (1964)Google Scholar; No. 21, Bell, M. J. V., Army and Nation in Sub-Saharan Africa (1965)Google Scholar; No. 27, Wood, David, The Armed Forces of African States (1966)Google Scholar; No. 28, Sutton, John L. and Kemp, Geoffrey, Arms to Developing Countries, 1945–1965 (1966)Google Scholar; No. 35, Wood, David, Armed Forces in Central and Latin America (1967)Google Scholar; No. 52, Kemp, Geoffrey, Arms and Security: the Egypt-Israel case (1968)Google Scholar; and No. 67, Booth, R., The Armed Forces of African States (1967).Google Scholar
Page 94 note 1 Cf. also Gibert, Stephen P. and Joshua, Wynfred, Guns and Rebels: Soviet aid diplomacy in neutralist Asia (New York, 1970)Google Scholar, American-Asian Educational Exchange Monograph No. 6.
Page 99 note 1 Technological capacity is a complex variable which refers to financial resources, level of industrial development, scientific and education potential, and so on.
Page 99 note 2 For the arms race in the Horn of Africa, see Table 19.5 in The Arms Trade with the Third World, p. 604.
Page 99 note 3 The monetary method of evaluation has been used by the Stockholm Institute, while the M.I.T. Center has preferred to itemise the hardware supplied.
Page 101 note 1 Not all historical variants are shown in this Table, though it could be argued that the patterns which are included are more common than others. Theoretical, a-historical variants are conceivable.
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