^{Page 496 note 1} Friedrich, C. J., ‘Some Reflections on Constitutionalism for Emergent Political Orders’, in Spiro, H. J. (ed.), Patterns of African Development (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1967), pp. 30–1.Google Scholar

^{Page 496 note 2} Wallerstein, Immanuel, ‘Ghana as a Model’, in Africa Report (Washington), XII, 5, 1967.Google Scholar

^{Page 496 note 3} Burke, F. G., Tanganyika—Pre-Planning (Syracuse, 1965);Google Scholar also Rweyemamu, A. H., ‘Managing Planned Development: Tanzania's experience’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), IV, 1, 05 1966, pp. 1–16.Google Scholar

^{Page 497 note 1} Burke, op. cit. p. 64 (my italics); also Huntington, S. P., ‘Political Development and Political Decay’, in World Politics (Princeton), XVII, 3, 04 1965, pp. 386–430.Google Scholar

^{Page 497 note 2} Grundy, K. W., ‘African Explanations of Underdevelopment: the theoretical basis for action’, in Review of Politics (New York), XXVIII, 06 1966, pp. 62–75.Google ScholarFriedland, Cf. W. and Rosberg, C. G. (eds.), African Socialism (Stanford, 1964).Google Scholar

^{Page 497 note 3} Ben-Amor, A. and Clairmonte, F. F., ‘Planning in Africa’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies, III, 4, 12 1965, pp. 473–97.CrossRefGoogle ScholarLewis, W. Arthur, Politics in West Africa (New York, 1965), pp. 65–83.Google Scholar

^{Page 498 note 1} Rweyemamu, op. cit.

^{Page 498 note 2} Spiro (ed.), op. cit.; and see especially Huntington, S. P., Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, 1968), pp. 1–59.Google Scholar

^{Page 498 note 3} Bauer, R. A. (ed.), Social Indicators (Cambridge, Mass., 1966).Google Scholar

^{Page 498 note 4} Sutton, F. X., ‘Planning and Rationality in New African States’, in Economic Development and Cultural Change (Chicago), X, 1961, pp. 42–50.Google Scholar

^{Page 498 note 5} See, for example, Pakenham's, R. A. research note, ‘Approaches to the Study of Political Development’, in World Politics, XVII, 1, 10 1964, pp. 108–20;CrossRefGoogle ScholarPye, L. W., ‘The Concept of Political Development’, in The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (Philadelphia), 358, 03 1965, pp. 1–13;Google Scholar especially good is Diament, A., ‘Political Development: approaches to theory and strategy’, in Montgomery, J. D. and Siffin, W. J. (eds.), Approaches to Development: politics, administration and change (New York, 1966), pp. 15–47.Google Scholar

^{Page 499 note 1} Deutsch, K. W., ‘Toward a Theory of Power and Political Structure’, in Peter, H. (ed.), Comparative Theories of Social Change (Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1966), pp. 60–80.Google Scholar

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^{Page 499 note 3} Diament, in Montgomery and Siffin (eds.), op. cit.

^{Page 500 note 1} Easton, D., A Systems Analysis of Political Life (New York, 1965),Google Scholar and Almond, G. A. and Powell, B., Comparative Politics: a developmental approach (Boston, 1965).Google Scholar

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^{Page 501 note 1} See Kornhauser, W., The Politics of Mass Society (New York, 1953).Google Scholar

^{Page 501 note 2} See, for example, Deutsch, K. W., Nationalism and Social Communication (New York, 1953);Google ScholarEtzioni, A., Political Unification (New York, 1965);Google ScholarJacob, P. E. and Toscano, J. V., The Integration of Political Communities (Philadelphia, 1965);Google ScholarWeiner, M., ‘Political Integration and Political Development’, in The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 358, 03 1965, pp. 52–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{Page 502 note 1} Huntington, op. cit. pp. 47–56, also indicates that participation without strong or adaptable political institutions increases instability and violence.

^{Page 502 note 2} Almond, G. A. and Verba, S., The Civic Culture (Princeton, 1963).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{Page 502 note 3} See Toennies, F., Community and Society (New York, 1957),Google ScholarDurkheim, E., Division of Labour in Society (New York, 1933),Google Scholar and Maine, H., Ancient Law (London, 1888).Google Scholar

^{Page 503 note 1} See Coleman, J. S. and Rosberg, C. G. (eds.), Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa (Berkeley, 1964).Google Scholar

^{Page 503 note 2} Zolberg, A. R., Creating Political Order: the party-states of West Africa (Chicago, 1966).Google Scholar

^{Page 503 note 3} Huntington, op. cit. pp. 8–32, also suggests that the development of institutions is a core problem.

^{Page 503 note 4} Eckstein, H., Division and Cohesion in Democracy (Princeton, 1966).Google Scholar

^{Page 504 note 1} Lewis, op. cit. pp. 66–7.

^{Page 504 note 2} Ibid.

^{Page 505 note 1} Lewis, op. cit. p. 44.

^{Page 505 note 2} Apter, David E., The Politics of Modernization (Chicago, 1965), pp. 123–51.Google Scholar

^{Page 506 note 1} Huntington, op. cit. pp. 59–71.

^{Page 508 note 1} See McClelland, D. C., The Achieving Sociely (Princeton, N.J., 1961).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{Page 509 note 1} Fleming, Cf. W. G., ‘Authority, Efficiency and Role-stress: problems in the development of East African bureaucracies’, in Administrative Science Quarterly (Ithaca, N.Y.), 1966, pp. 386–404.Google Scholar

^{Page 509 note 2} Apter, op. cit.

^{Page 510 note 1} M. J. Easman, ‘The Politics of Development Administration’, in Montgomery and Siffin (eds.), op. cit. pp. 59–112.

^{Page 510 note 2} Coleman and Rosberg (eds.), op. cit.