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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 November 2008
The great achievements of the liberation movement in Africa in the late 1950s and early 1960s led to the winning of political independence by the majority of African countries. For the first time in their history they were able to determine for themselves their path to economic development. This happened at a period when the world was split into two socio-economic systems: socialism and capitalism. The broad distinction between them may be defined by the objective fact of the ownership of the means of production: a socialist society has decided to take in its hands all capital goods and to govern collectively the economic development of the country; a capitalist society still sticks to the principle of private ownership, thinking that individual interests may guarantee the prosperity of the whole society, but forgetting that only the socialisation of the means of production can stop the exploitation of the many by the few.
Page 38 note 1 La Zone franc en 1959 et en 1964 (Secrétatiat du comité monétaire de la zone franc, Paris, 1965).Google Scholar
Page 41 note 1 Karefa-Smart, John (ed.), Africa: progress through co-operation, with an introduction by Adebo, Chief S. O. (New York, 1966), p. xiii.Google Scholar
Page 41 note 2 Ibid. p. 228.
Page 42 note 1 Ibid. p. 257.
Page 42 note 2 Report of the Symposium on Industrial Development in Africa (Addis Ababa, 1966), E/CN14/347.Google Scholar
Page 43 note 1 See Peace and Socialism (Cairo, 1966),Google Scholar for a report of the Al Talia seminar, Cairo, 24–29 10 1966.Google Scholar
Page 44 note 1 Morrison, David, The U.S.S.R. and Africa, 1945–1963 (London, 1964), p. 15.Google Scholar
Page 44 note 2 Out of 1,500 million roubles of loans granted by the U.S.S.R. to African countries more than 1,000 million were earmarked for industrial projects. New Africa (London), IX, 112, 02 1967, p. 21.Google Scholar
Page 45 note 1 See Etudes congolaises (Kinshasa), 7, 08–09 1964.Google Scholar