^{Page 425 note 1} See Ogburn, W., ‘Social Change’, in Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences (New York, 1935).Google Scholar See also Hogbin, Ian, Social Change (London, 1958),Google Scholar and Ginsberg, Morris, ‘Social Change’, in The British Journal of Sociology (London), 09 1958, p. 205.Google Scholar

^{Page 425 note 2} Easton, David, ‘The Perception of Authority and Political Change’, in Friedrich, Carl J. (ed.), Authority—Nomos I (Cambridge, Mass., 1957), p. 171.Google Scholar

^{Page 426 note 1} Cf. Epstein, T. S., Economic Development and Social Change in South India (Manchester, 1962), pp. 115ff., 276ff., 318–20.Google Scholar

^{Page 426 note 2} Easton, op. cit. pp. 170–1.

^{Page 426 note 3} Deutsch, Karl W., ‘Social Mobilization and Political Development’, in The American Political Science Review (Washington), 09 1961, pp. 493–4.Google Scholar See also Marx, Karl, ‘The British Rule in India’, in K. Marx and F. Engels on Colonialism (Moscow, n.d.), pp. 31–7, 76–82. As far as I am aware, Marx was the first modern social scientist to isolate colonialism's progressive role as an agent of socio-economic mobilisation in the backward areas of Asia and Africa.Google Scholar

^{Page 427 note 1} See Firth, Raymond, ‘Orientations in Economic Life’, in Evants-Pritchard, E. E. (ed.), The Institutions of Primitive Society (Oxford, 1954), pp. 12–24;Google ScholarPoole, Austin Lane, Obligations of Society in the XII and XIII Centuries (Oxford, 1946), pp. 1–34;Google ScholarHagen, E. E., On the Theory of Social Change (Homewood, Illinois, 1962), pp. 65–9;Google ScholarDobb, M., Studies in the Development of Capitalism (London, 1946), pp. 7–32.Google Scholar

^{Page 427 note 2} Postan, M. M., ‘The Rise of a Money Economy’, in Carus-Wilson, E. M. (ed.), Essays in Economic History (London, 1954), p. 8.Google Scholar It should be noted that our use of ‘modernisation’ may appear symonymous with ‘Easternisation’ or ‘Sovietisation’, in so far as the cash nexus affects relationships between persons under Soviet communism. Cf. Moore, Barrington, Soviet Politics—The Dilemma of Power (Cambridge, Mass., 1956), pp. 221–349. In Africa, of course, historical circumstances happened to determine that the West and not the East would be the agent of ‘modernisation’.Google Scholar

^{Page 427 note 3} Cf. Balandier, Georges, ‘La Situation coloniale: approche théorique’, in Cahiers internationaux de sociologie (Paris), XI, pp. 44–79.Google Scholar Cf. also Emerson, Rupert, Malaysia: a study in direct and indirect rule (New York, 1937), pp. 484–5.Google Scholar

^{Page 427 note 4} Cf. Weber, Max, ‘Politics as a Vocation’, in Gerth, H. and Mills, C. Wright (eds.), From Max Weber–Essays in Sociology (New York, 1946).Google Scholar

^{Page 428 note 1} Cf. Furnivall, J. S., Colonial Policy and Practice (Cambridge, 1948), pp. 5ff.;Google Scholar and Stahl, Kathleen, The Metropolitan Organization of British Colonial Trade (London, 1951), pp. 3–8, and Margery Perham's preface, pp. xii–xiii.Google Scholar

^{Page 428 note 2} See Granick, David, The Red Executive (New York, 1961).Google Scholar

^{Page 429 note 1} Cf. Schumpeter, J. A., ‘The Creative Response in Economic History’, in Clemence, R. V. (ed.), Essays of J. A. Schumpeter (Cambridge, Mass., 1951), pp. 216–35, and Hagen, op. cit. pp. 290–309.Google Scholar

^{Page 429 note 2} Cf. Schumpeter, J. A., capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy (London, 1947), pp. 121–30.Google ScholarCf. also Laski, Harold, The Rise of European Liberalism (London, 1947).Google Scholar

^{Page 429 note 3} Cf. Furnivall, op. cit.; Stahl, op. cit.; and Lugard, Lord, Report on the Amalgamation of Southern and Northern Nigeria, 1912–1919 (London, 1919), Cmd. 468. This proposition may be demonstrated by analysis of the pattern of colonial government expenditure (especially the proportion spent on infrastructure or social overheads) and the process and content of colonial legislation.Google Scholar

^{Page 429 note 4} Cf. Tawney, R. H., Religion and the Rise of Capitalism (London, 1938);Google ScholarWeber, Max, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (London, 1930).Google Scholar

^{Page 430 note 1} For the thinking of colonial administrators on this question, see Lugard, Sir Frederick, The Dual Mandate in Tropical Africa (London, 1929);Google ScholarJohnson, H. H., British Central Africa (New York, 1987);Google ScholarStigand, C. H., Administration in Tropical Africa (London, 1914);Google ScholarDelavignette, Robert, Freedom and Authority in French West Africa (London, 1950).Google Scholar

^{Page 431 note 1} Schumpeter, Joseph A., Imperialism and Social Classes (New York, 1951), p. 198.Google Scholar

^{Page 433 note 1} Cf. Emerson, Rupert, Representative Government in Southeast Asia (Cambridge, Mass., 1955).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{Page 434 note 1} Cf. Western Region Development Plan, 1960–1965 (Ibadan, 1958), pp. 1–3;Google ScholarEastern Nigeria Development Plan, 1962–68 (Enugu, 1962), pp. 8–9, 53–5.Google Scholar The Eastern Region Plan of the N.C.N.C. government is conceived basically in the interest of a private-enterprise, capitalist economy, and proposes that industries originally developed by public capital will ultimately be turned over to private Nigerian entrepreneurs. Similarly, the Western Region Plan of the Action Group government observes that ‘the primary function of Government [is] the provision of those public services without which individual effort and initiative would be futile…. It is impossible in a democratic state for Government to command the resources to enable it to provide more than a small share of total investment required, and it is questionable whether any other form of Government is able to draw on the capacity for investment of the individual as effectively as one which seeks to create both the opportunity and the will to share in the material benefits of economic growth. Government's investment will therefore be concentrated on projects and services of economic importance which will make private investment more effective and more profitable.’ Cf. Report of Coker Commission of Inquiry into the Affairs of Certain Statutory Corporations in Western Nigeria, 1962 (Lagos, 1962), vols. I–IV.Google Scholar For French-speaking Africa, cf. Houphouët-Boigny, F., ‘Discours de politique générale’, in Fraternité (Abidjan), 13 01 1961.Google Scholar

^{Page 435 note 1} For a detailed analysis of this process, see Kilson, Martin, Political Change in a West African State (forthcoming).Google Scholar

^{Page 435 note 2} Cf. Sylvia, Thrupp (ed.), Millennial Dreams in Action (The Hague, 1962).Google Scholar

^{Page 436 note 1} Dahl, Robert A., Who Governs? (New Haven, Conn., 1961).Google Scholar

^{Page 437 note 1} Cf. Fanon, Frantz, Les Damnés de la terre (Paris, 1961), pp. 118 ff., 124.Google Scholar

^{Page 437 note 2} This is a valid assumption. For a literary treatment of it, see Achebe, Chinua, No Longer at Ease (London, 1960).Google Scholar See also Colson, Elizabeth, ‘Native Culture and Social Patterns in Contemporary Africa’, in Haines, C. Grove (ed.), Africa Today (Baltimore, 1955), pp. 69–84.Google Scholar

^{Page 438 note 1} Seymour, Charles, Electoral Reform in England and Wales (New Haven, Conn., 1915), p. 533.Google Scholar

^{Page 438 note 2} McGoveny, D. O., The American Suffrage Medley (Chicago, 1949), pp. 16–27.Google Scholar

^{Page 439 note 1} Cf. Marcuse, op. cit. pp. 26 ff., passim.

^{Page 439 note 2} Cf. Emerson, Rupert, From Empire to Nations (Cambridge, Mass., 1960), pp. 245–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{Page 439 note 3} Cf. Kilson, Martin, ‘Authoritarian and Single-Party Tendencies in African Politics’, in World Politics (Princeton), 01 1963, pp. 262–94.Google Scholar

^{Page 440 note 1} Fainsod, Merle, ‘Some Reflections on the Nature of the Regulatory Process’, in Friedrich, Carl J. and Mason, Edward S. (eds.), Public Policy, 1940 (Cambridge, Mass., 1940), p. 298.Google Scholar