^{Page 211 note 1} Cohen, Ronald and Middleton, John (eds.), From Tribe to Nation in Africa (Scranton, 1970), p. 9.Google Scholar

^{Page 211 note 2} Zolberg, Aristide, One-Party Government in the Ivory Coast (Princeton, 1969 edn.), p. 16.Google Scholar

^{Page 211 note 3} The illustration is based upon my visit to Djakoteti, Ivory Coast, in April 1966. This small Bakoué village of less than 40 people is located near the upperSan Pédro River, approximately 30 miles from the Atlantic coast.

^{Page 213 note 1} Zolberg, op. cit. p. 11, indicates that there are at least 60 perceived groups in the Ivory Coast, whereas the results of the official demographic survey lists 220 ethnic groups clustered into five principal categories. See Enquête démographique, 1957–1958, résultats définitfs, Supplément trimestriel au Bulletin mensuel de la statistique (Abidjan, 1966), VIII, I, pp. 24–25.Google Scholar

^{Page 213 note 2} Zolberg, op. cit. p. 20.

^{Page 213 note 3} Ibid. See pp. 29–35 and ch. 2.

^{Page 213 note 4} Ibid. p. 67. See also Schachter, Ruth, ‘Single-Party Systems in West Africa’, in The American Political Science Review (Menasha), LV, 2, 06 1961, p. 295,Google Scholar and Morgenthau, Ruth Schachter, Political Parties in French-Speaking West Africa (Oxford, 1964), pp. 16–22.Google Scholar For greater elaboration by Zolberg, see his ‘Ivory Coast’ in James S. Coleman and Carl G. Rosberg, Jr. (eds.), Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa (Berkeley, 1964), pp. 66–68.Google Scholar

^{Page 214 note 1} Cf. Schachter, loc. cit. pp. 296–99; Morgenthau, op. cit. pp. 16–22 and Zolberg, loc. cit. pp. 70–72 and One-Party Government, pp. 65–66.

^{Page 214 note 2} Potholm, Christian P., Four African Political Systems (Englewood Cliffs, 1970), p. 266.Google Scholar

^{Page 214 note 3} Cohen and Middleton, op. cit. pp. 9–10.

^{Page 214 note 4} Ibid. p. 17.

^{Page 214 note 5} Ibid.

^{Page 214 note 6} Deutsch, Karl W., ‘The Growth of Nations’, in World Politics (Princeton), v, 01 1953, pp. 169–70.Google Scholar

^{Page 214 note 7} Deutsch, Karl W., ‘Social Mobilization and Political Development’, in The American Political Science Review, LV, 3, 09 1961, p. 494.Google Scholar

^{Page 215 note 1} Schachter, loc. cit. p. 302, and Morgenthau, op. cit. p. 346.

^{Page 215 note 2} Zolberg, Aristide, ‘Mass Parties and National Integration: the case of the Ivory Coast’, in The Journal of Politics (Gainesville), xxv, 1, 02 1963, p. 40.Google Scholar

^{Page 217 note 1} Law 59–4, as reported in U.S. Department of State, Airgram A-207, ‘New Territorial Divisions of Ivory Coast’, 27 08 1969, p. 3.Google Scholar

^{Page 217 note 2} Law 59–133, ibid.

^{Page 217 note 3} For an excellent explanation of Houphouēt-Boigny's stand, see Zolberg, , One-Party Government, pp. 236–39.Google Scholar

^{Page 218 note 1} Decree of 3 January 1961, as reported later in Fraternité-matin (Abidjan), 12 06 1969, p. 7.Google Scholar

^{Page 218 note 2} Zolberg, , One-Party Government, p. 330.Google Scholar

^{Page 218 note 3} Ibid. footnote 79, p. 279.

^{Page 218 note 4} Ibid. p. 277.

^{Page 218 note 5} Emerson, Rupert, ‘Nation-Building in Africa’, in Deutsch, Karl W. and Foltz, William J. (eds.), Nation-Building (New York, 1963), p. 107.Google Scholar

^{Page 218 note 6} Zolberg, , One-Party Government, p. 53.Google Scholar

^{Page 218 note 7} Zolberg, , ‘Mass Parties and National Integration’, p. 38.Google Scholar

^{Page 218 note 8} Department of State, Airgram A-207, p. 3.Google Scholar

^{Page 219 note 1} Schachter, loc. cit. p. 302, and Morgenthau, op. cit. p. 346.

^{Page 219 note 2} Zolberg, , One-Party Government, p. 286.Google Scholar

^{Page 219 note 3} Ibid. p. 318.

^{Page 219 note 4} Ibid. p. 271.

^{Page 219 note 5} Alexander, A. S. Jr, ‘The Ivory Coast Constitution: an accelerator, not a brake’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), I, 3, 09 1963, p. 309.Google Scholar

^{Page 219 note 6} Zolberg, , One-Party Government, p. 264.Google Scholar

^{Page 219 note 7} Ibid. p. 357.

^{Page 223 note 1} Afrique de l'ouest (Paris, 1958), pp. 394–95.Google Scholar

^{Page 223 note 2} Greenberg, Joseph H., The Languages of Africa (Bloomington, 1966), p. 8;Google ScholarRoberts, T. D. et al. , Area Handbook for the Ivory Coast (Washington, The Foreign Areas Studies Division, Special Operations Research Office, The American University, 1962), p. 80.Google Scholar

^{Page 223 note 3} Area Handbook, pp. 68–71.

^{Page 223 note 4} Fraternité-matin, 12 06 1969, p. 7.Google Scholar

^{Page 224 note 1} Area Handbook, p. 79.

^{Page 224 note 2} Ibid. pp. 72–73.

^{Page 225 note 1} Fraternité-matin, 12 06 1969, p. 7.Google Scholar

^{Page 228 note 1} Ibid.

^{Page 228 note 2} Department of State, Airgram A-207, p. 2.Google Scholar

^{Page 228 note 3} Duchacek, Ivo D., Comparative Federation (New York, 1970), p. 3.Google Scholar