^{page 95 note 1} Washington Star, 9 05 1978.Google Scholar

^{page 96 note 1} Samatar, S. S., ‘The Search for the Real Mullah: Mohammed Abdille Hasan of Somalia’, Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, Baltimore, 11 1978, pp. 1–4.Google Scholar This paper is the basis for a doctoral dissertation in history at Northwestern University, Evanston.

^{page 97 note 1} Sheikh-Abdi, Abdi, ‘Sayid Mohammed Abdille Hassan and the Current Conflict in the Horn’, in Horn of Africa (Summit, N.J.), 1, 2, 04/06 1978, p. 61.Google Scholar

^{page 97 note 2} Ibid. p. 64.

^{page 97 note 3} Samatar, op. cit. p. 17.

^{page 98 note 1} Martin, B. G., Muslim Brotherhoods in Nineteenth-Century Africa (Cambridge, 1976), p. 194.Google Scholar The author footnotes the major authorities on the Sayid's career.

^{page 98 note 2} Sheikh-Abdi, loc. cit. p. 62.

^{page 98 note 3} Samatar, op. cit. p. 25.

^{page 99 note 1} Crozier, Brian, ‘The Soviet Presence in Somalia’, in Conflict Studies (London), 54, 02 1975, pp. 4–8.Google Scholar

^{page 99 note 2} United States Central Intelligence Agency, ‘Communist Aid to the Less Developed Countries of the Free World, 1976’, ER 77–10296, Washington, 08 1977, p. 12.Google Scholar

^{page 99 note 3} United States Senate, Committee on Armed Services, ‘Soviet Military Capability in Berbera, Somalia’, Washington, 07 1975, p. 15.Google Scholar

^{page 99 note 4} Crozier, loc. cit. p. 9.

^{page 100 note 1} ‘Soviet Military Capability’, p. 15.

^{page 100 note 2} See the report by Ottaway, David in the Washington Post, 10 02 1976;Google Scholar and also Farer, Tom, War Clouds on the Horn of Africa: a crisis for détente (New York, 1976).Google Scholar

^{page 100 note 3} Time Magazine (New York), 8 08 1977.Google Scholar

^{page 100 note 4} New York Times, datelined 14 August 1977.

^{page 101 note 1} Ibid. 25 August 1977.

^{page 101 note 2} Le Soleil (Dakar), 31 08 1977.Google Scholar

^{page 101 note 3} The Economist (London), 8 10 1977.Google Scholar

^{page 101 note 4} The Foreign Minister of Somalia, Abdurahman Jama Barre, speaking at the 3rd Session of the General Assembly, New York, 5 October 1978.

^{page 102 note 1} See letter by the Somali Ambassador to the United Nations, Abdirazak Haji Hussein, to the Secretary-General, 19 July 1978.

^{page 102 note 2} Statement by Lt. Col. Mengistu Haile-Mariam at the O.A.U. meeting, Gabon, July 1977.

^{page 102 note 3} Speech by Mengistu, , ‘Fourth Anniversary of the Ethiopian Revolution’, Addis Ababa, 12 09 1978.Google Scholar

^{page 103 note 1} Somali Democratic Republic, Ministry of Information and National Guidance, ‘Somalia and the Arab League: a wider role in Afro-Arab affairs’, Mogadishu, 06 1974, p. 21.Google Scholar

^{page 103 note 2} Ibid. ‘A Review of our Revolutionary Politics’, p. 46.

^{page 103 note 3} Ibid. p. 40.

^{page 103 note 4} O.E.C.D., Development Co-operation Review, 1977 (Paris, 1978), pp. 209 and 226–9.Google Scholar

^{page 104 note 1} San Diego Union, 16 February 1978.

^{page 104 note 2} New York Times, 6 March 1978.

^{page 105 note 1} Saint-Véran, Robert, A Djibouti avec les Afars et les Issas (Cagnes-sur-Mer, 1977).Google Scholar

^{page 105 note 2} See New York Times, 25 March 1975, for details of the Jean Gueury kidnapping.

^{page 106 note 1} Los Angeles Times, 22 Jaunary 1978.

^{page 106 note 2} Drew, Elizabeth, ‘A Reporter at Large: Brzezinski’, in The New Yorker, 1 05 1978, p. 113.Google Scholar

^{page 106 note 3} Newsweek (New York), 26 09 1977.Google Scholar

^{page 106 note 4} New York Times, 12 06 1977, section 1, p. 5.Google Scholar

^{page 106 note 5} Ibid. 27 July 1977, p. A3.

^{page 106 note 6} Time Magazine, 8 August 1977.

^{page 107 note 1} New York Times, 1 September 1977 dateline.

^{page 107 note 2} Ibid. 3 October 1977, analysis by Richard Burt.

^{page 107 note 3} San Diego Union, 3 July 1978, AP.

^{page 107 note 4} Egyptian Mail (Cairo), 21 10 1978, p. 1.Google Scholar

^{page 108 note 1} Sheikh-Abdi, loc. cit. pp. 64–5.

^{page 108 note 2} Barre, Maxamed Siyaad, My Country and My People (Mogadishu, 1970), the text of a speech given in 07 1970.Google Scholar

^{page 108 note 3} New Era (Mogadishu), 07 1976, p. 25.Google Scholar

^{page 109 note 1} Abdurahman Jama Barre to the U.N. General Assembly, 13 October 1977.

^{page 109 note 2} Harbeson, John, ‘Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa’, Annual Meeting of the African Studies Association, Baltimore, 11 1978.Google Scholar

^{page 110 note 1} O.A.U. Resolution 641, CM/Res. 620–680 XXXI.

^{page 110 note 2} Abdurabman Jama Barre to the U.N. General Assembly, 5 October 1978.

^{page 112 note 1} I do not have any direct evidence to back this view of the origins of infiltration into the Ogaden, but have been given informal support by various Somali informants. Cf. Ministry, of Affairs, Foreign, Republic, Somali Democratic, Go From My Country (Mogadishu, 1978).Google Scholar Richard Greenfield, who I believe wrote this text, suggests quite clearly that ‘no Government could restrain… the Freedom Fighters.… further’ (p. 43).

^{page 113 note 1} See Adam, Hussein M., ‘The Revolutionary Development of the Somali Language’, University of California, Los Angeles, Occasional Paper in African Studies, forthcoming.Google Scholar

^{page 113 note 2} I argued a more moderate position in ‘Political Economy of Military Rule in Somalia’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), XIV, 3, 09 1976, pp. 449–68,Google Scholar but my point then was not to view the rôle of Siyaad in future Somali history, but rather to evaluate by some objective criteria his performance in comparison to the régime he overthrew.

^{page 114 note 1} In fact, substantial gains by Somali guerillas, especially in the Southern Ogaden, have been reported. See the Los Angeles Times, 7 March 1979.