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Technology and Employment in Developing Countries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2008

J. W. Garmany
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Extract

This article discusses some of the issues involved in the choice of technology in developing countries, especially those in Africa, and the relationship of this to employment and output. The problem is to find an optimum combination of productive resources that comes nearest to satisfying two objectives: the full and economically efficient utilisation of such resources, and the creation of as much surplus as possible over current consumption, thereby making possible new investment and long-term growth.

Type
Articles
Information
The Journal of Modern African Studies , Volume 16 , Issue 4 , December 1978 , pp. 549 - 564
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1978

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References

page 550 note 1 V. G. Desai, International Conference on Technology Transfer in Modernising Nations, Karachi, November 1973. Useful analyses of ‘appropriate’, ‘intermediate’, or ‘alternative’ technologies are to be found in the works of the late Schumacher, E. F., e.g. Small is Beautiful: a study of economics as if people mattered (London, 1973),Google Scholar and, more recently, Stewart, Frances, Technology and Underdevelopment (London, 1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

page 553 note 1 Turnham, D. and Jaeger, I., The Employment Problem in Less Developed Countries (Paris, 1971).Google Scholar Other useful O.E.C.D. Development Centre publications include: Choice and Adaptation of Technology in Developing Countries – an Overview of Major Policy Issues (Paris, 1974),Google Scholar and Jequier, N., Appropriate Technology – Problems and Policies (Paris, 1976).Google Scholar

page 554 note 1 Echaus, R. S., ‘Technological Change in the Less Developed Areas’, in Brookings Institution, Development of the Emerging Countries: an agenda for research (Washington, 1962).Google Scholar

page 555 note 1 International Labour Office, Employment Objectives in Developing Countries (Geneva, 1961).Google Scholar

page 556 note 1 Myint, Hla, The Economics of the Developing Countries (London, 1965).Google Scholar

page 557 note 1 Sen, A. K., Employment, Technology and Development (Oxford, 1975).Google Scholar

page 557 note 2 Galenson, W. and Leibenstein, H., ‘Investment Criteria, Productivity and Economic Development’, in Quarterly Journal of Economics (Cambridge, Mass.), LXIX, 08 1955.Google Scholar

page 558 note 1 Gerschenkron, A., ‘Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective’, in Hoselitz, B. F. (ed.), The Progress of Underdeveloped Areas (Chicago, 1952).Google Scholar

page 559 note 1 International Labour Office, op. cit.

page 559 note 2 Stewart, Frances, ‘Choice of Technique in Developing Countries’, in Journal of Development Studies (London), IX, 10 1972.Google Scholar

page 560 note 1 Sen, op. cit.

page 560 note 2 Maddison, Angus, Economic Progress and Policy in Developing Countries (London, 1970).Google Scholar

page 560 note 3 Myrdal, Gunnar, Asian Drama (Harmondsworth, 1967).Google Scholar

page 561 note 1 Echaus, R. S., ‘The Factor-Proportion Problem in Underdeveloped Areas’, in American Economic Review (Providence, R. I.), L, 05 1960.Google Scholar

page 562 note 1 Lockwood, W. W., The Economic Development of Japan (Princeton, 1968).Google Scholar