^{Page 287 note 1} Claude, Inis L. Jr, Swords into Plowshares: the problems and progress of international organization (New York, 3rd edn. 1964), pp. 174–5.Google Scholar

^{Page 287 note 2} The Charter was not regarded as having come into effect until it had been ratified by two-thirds of the then 32 independent African states, rather than the 30 which had signed at Addis Ababa in May 1963.

^{Page 288 note 1} Proceedings of the Summit Conference of Independent African States, Addis Ababa, May 1963 (Addis Ababa, 1964), Vol. I, Section I, CIAS/Res. 1/Rev. 1.Google Scholar

^{Page 288 note 2} On Ghana and the Provisional Secretariat of the O.A.U., see Thompson, W. Scott, Ghana's Foreign Policy, 1957–1966 (Princeton, 1969), pp. 323–6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar H. R. Amonoo, a Ghanaian member of the Committee of Experts, is quoted by Zdenek Cervenka as having stated that ‘unfortunately, the Provisional Secretariat has not been working effectively because some members felt that they had not been allowed to play a more active and effective role’. Cervenka observes that ‘this emphasis on the role to be played in the Secretariat by countries rather than by individuals has made the provision of Article XVIII, on the impartiality of the staff of the Secretariat and the obligation of non-interference by States with its staff in the performance of their duties, look rather theoretical.’ The Organisation of African Unity and Its Charter (New York, 1969), p. 63.Google Scholar Although the General Secretariat was later to encounter accusations of national bias on the part of its own officials, it is unfair and inaccurate to generalise here from the experience of the Provisional Secretariat, which faced peculiar problems centring around Ghana and the Committee of Experts.

^{Page 289 note 1} Ethiopian Herald (Addis Ababa), 14 01 1964.Google Scholar

^{Page 289 note 2} West Africa (London), 1 02 1964, p. 132.Google Scholar

^{Page 289 note 3} O.A.U. Council of Ministers, ‘Draft Agenda for the Second Session of the Council of Ministers, Lagos, February 1964’, CM/1, 15 01 1964, Item 9.Google Scholar

^{Page 289 note 4} ‘Outline Proposal for the Constitution of the Federal Government of Africa Submitted in Connection with Item 9 of the Agenda’, CM/5, n.d.

^{Page 290 note 1} CM/I/Add. I, 16 January 1964.

^{Page 290 note 2} O.A.U. Council of Ministers, Resolutions of Ordinary and Extraordinary Sessions (Addis Ababa, 1967), CM/Res. 29 (II), 1964.Google Scholar

^{Page 290 note 3} O.A.U. Council of Ministers, Rules of Procedure of the Council of Ministers (Addis Ababa, n.d.), 15.Google Scholar

^{Page 290 note 4} CM/Res. 35 (III), 1964.

^{Page 291 note 1} O.A.U. Council of Ministers, ‘Report of the Administrative Provisional Secretary- General covering the Period between September 1963 and February 1964’, CM/18, p. 10.Google Scholar

^{Page 291 note 2} There has been some confusion as to the identity of the principal figure in the Provisional Secretariat. John Markakis, in an otherwise excellent article, states erroneously that Diallo Telli served as Provisional Secretary-General prior to his appointment to the substantive post by the First Ordinary Session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government in July 1964; ‘The Organisation of African Unity: a progress report’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), xv, 2, 07 1966, p. 138 n.Google Scholar With Boutros Boutros-Ghalli, the Amharic courtesy title ‘Ato’ becomes a Christian name and the Officer-in-Charge of the Provisional Secretariat is identified as ‘Otto Tifle’; ‘The Addis Ababa Charter’, in International Conciliation (New York), 546, 01 1964. p. 44.Google Scholar

^{Page 292 note 1} CM/18, p. 10.

^{Page 292 note 2} Charter of the Organisation of African Unity. Protocol of the Commission of Mediation, Conciliation, and Arbitration. Functions and Regulations of the General Secretariat (Addis Ababa, 1965).Google Scholar

^{Page 292 note 3} O.A.U. Council of Ministers, Report of the Administrative Secretary-General Covering the Period September 1964 to March 1965 (Addis Ababa, 1965),Google Scholar pt. iv, ‘Institutional Matters’, CM/58, p. 2, citing CM/24, pt. II.

^{Page 292 note 4} The expectation at Addis Ababa in May 1963 was that the expenses of the Provisional Secretariat would be shared among the O.A.U. member states in some undetermined fashion. However, at the First Ordinary Session of the Council of Ministers in Dakar, August 1963, Ethiopia announced her willingness to pay the working costs of the Provisional Secretariat, a proposal which was ‘adopted by acclamation’. At the end of July 1964, when Ethiopia was discharged of sole financial responsibility, an audit disclosed a cash balance of US $22,329.96 after meeting outstanding obligations. Ibid. pt. v, ‘Financial Statement Covering the Period 1 August 1964–28 February 1965’, CM/59, p. 1.

^{Page 292 note 5} The record does not support Cervenka's remark that ‘until the appointment of the Administrative Secretary-General in July 1964, the functioning of the Secretariat was rather sporadic’; op. cit. p. 63.

^{Page 292 note 6} The Co-ordination Committee for the Liberation of Africa and its subsidiaries, based in Dar es Salaam, were not serviced by the Provisional Secretariat.

^{Page 293 note 1} See, for example, CM/Res. 8 (I) and CM/Res. 25 (II).

^{Page 293 note 2} Proceedings of the Summit Conference of African States, Addis Ababa, May 1963, Vol. I, Section 2, CIAS/Gen/Inf/3, 23 05 1963, p. 6.Google Scholar

^{Page 293 note 3} Ibid. CIAS/Gen/Inf/9, 23 May 1963, p. 4.

^{Page 294 note 1} Ibid. Vol. I, Section I, ‘Draft Charter of the Organisation of African States Submitted by the Ethiopian Government’, Comm. I/EMPC/I, 17 May 1963; and ‘Draft Charter Prepared by the Special Committee of Foreign Ministers’, CIAS/Sp. Comm./Charter, 24 May 1963. This latter document is to be found in Legum, Colin, Pan-Africanism: a short political guide (New York, 1965 edn.),Google Scholar appendix 23, where it is erroneously entitled, ‘Charter of the Organisation of African Unity’.

^{Page 295 note 1} See Ethiopian Herald, 8 February 1964.