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^{Page 133 note 2} Cf. Riley, Stephen P. and Parfitt, Trevor W., ‘Party or Masquerade? The All People's Congress of Sierra Leone’, in Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics (London), 25, 2, 1987, pp. 161–79,Google Scholar and Luke, David Fashole, ‘Continuity in Sierra Leone: from Stevens to Momoh’, in Third World Quarterly (London), 10, 1, 01 1988, pp. 67–78.Google Scholar

^{Page 133 note 3} See The Times (London), 31 05 1988;Google ScholarWest Africa (London), 6 06 1988;Google ScholarWe Yone (Freetown), 6 06 1988;Google Scholar and Weekend Spark (Freetown), 10 06 1988.Google Scholar

^{Page 134 note 1} Cartwright, John R., Politics in Sierra Leone, 1947–67 (Toronto, 1970),CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Political Leadership in Sierra Leone (London, 1978);Google ScholarClapham, Christopher, Liberia and Sierra Leone: an essay in comparative politics (Cambridge, 1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{Page 134 note 2} This notion is discussed in Sandbrook, Richard with Barker, Judith, The Politics of Africa's Economic Stagnation (Cambridge, 1985), ch. 5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{Page 134 note 3} See Médard, J. F., ‘The Underdeveloped State in Africa: political clientelism and neopatrimonialism’, in Clapham, Christopher (ed.), Private Patronage and Public Power: political clientelism in the modern state (London, 1982), pp. 97–111,Google Scholar and Lonsdale, John, ‘State and Social Processes in Africa’, in African Studies Review (Los Angeles), 24, 2–3, 1981, pp. 1–132.Google Scholar The growing literature on the post-colonial state includes Jackson, Robert H. and Rosberg, Carl G., Personal Rule in Black Africa: prince, autocrat, prophet, tyrant (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London, 1982),Google ScholarChabal, Patrick (ed.), Political Domination in Africa: reflections on the limits of power (Cambridge, 1986),CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Rothchild, Donald and Chazan, Naomi (eds.), The Precarious Balance: state and society in Africa (Boulder and London, 1988).Google Scholar

^{Page 134 note 4} See the chapters on social policies in Luke, Davi. Fashole and Riley, Stephen P. (eds.), Economic Decline and Prospects for Adjustment in Africa: the case of Sierra Leone (Boulder and London, forthcoming).Google Scholar

^{Page 135 note 1} See, for example, Young, Crawford, Ideology and Development in Africa (New Haven and London, 1982), and Sandbrook with Barker, op. cit.Google Scholar

^{Page 135 note 2} Cf. Luke and Riley (eds.), op. cit.

^{Page 135 note 3} Riley, Stephen P., ‘Sierra Leone Politics: some recent assessments’, in Africa (Manchester), 52, 1982, pp. 106–9.Google Scholar

^{Page 135 note 4} Luke, David Fashole, Labour and Parastatal Politics in Sierra Leone: a study of African working-class ambivalence (Lanham, New York, and London, 1984).Google Scholar

^{Page 135 note 5} See Decalo, Samuel, ‘African Personal Dictatorships’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), 23, 2 06 1985, pp. 209–37.Google Scholar

^{Page 135 note 6} See Haynes, J. P., ‘From “Revolution” to “Pragmatism” in Ghana’, in Politics (Manchester), 7, 2, 10 1987, pp. 22–7;Google ScholarHlophe, S. S., ‘Changing Class Alliances in Liberia since 1980’, in Liberia-Forum (Hamburg), 2, 2, 1986, pp. 3–10;Google ScholarAllen, Chris, Radu, Michael S., Somerville, Keith, and Baxter, Joan, Benin, The Congo, Burkina Faso: economics, politics and society (London and New York, 1989);Google ScholarHutchful, Eboe, ‘New Elements of Militarism in Africa’, in International Journal (Toronto), 41, 1986, pp. 802–30;Google Scholar and Tindigarukayo, Jimmy K., ‘Political Order and Disorder in Uganda’, Ph.D. dissertation, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1987.Google Scholar

^{Page 136 note 1} Cf. Longhurst, Richard, Kamara, Samura, and Mensurah, Joseph, ‘Structural Adjustment and Vulnerable Groups in Sierra Leone’, in IDS Bulletin (Brighton), 19, 1, 01 1988, pp. 25–30,Google Scholar and Kamara, Samura et al. , ‘The Genesis of Macroeconomic Problems’, in Luke, and Riley, (eds.), op. cit.Google Scholar

^{Page 137 note 1} Stevens, Siaka, What Life has Taught Me: the autobiography of His Excellency Dr. Siaka Stevens, President of Sierra Leone (London, 1984), p. 414.Google Scholar

^{Page 137 note 2} World Bank, World Development Report, 1988 (Washington, D.C., 1988), pp. 222–87.Google Scholar

^{Page 137 note 3} ‘Business Profile: Jamil Said Mohammed’, in South: the third world magazine (London), 12 1982, p. 64,Google Scholar and, more generally, Hoogvelt, Ankie, ‘IMF Crime of Conditionality’, in Review of African Political Economy (Sheffield), 38, 1987, pp. 80–6.Google Scholar

^{Page 137 note 4} See, for example, van der Laan, Laurens, The Lebanese Traders in Sierra Leone (The Hague, 1975).Google Scholar

^{Page 138 note 1} Longhurst, Kamara, and Mensurah, loc. cit. and Kamara et al., loc. cit.

^{Page 138 note 2} See West Africa, 30 March 1987, p. 645;Google Scholar also Overseas Development Council (of the United States), ‘should the IMF Withdraw from Africa?’, in Policy Focus (Washington, D.C.), 1, 1987, p. 6.Google Scholar

^{Page 139 note 1} Longhurst, Kamara, and Mensurah, loc. cit. p. 26.

^{Page 139 note 2} ibid.

^{Page 139 note 3} Cf. the discussion of structural adjustment and economic liberalisation in Parfitt, Trevor W. and Riley, Stephen P., The African Debt Crisis (London, 1989), pp. 30–47.Google Scholar

^{Page 139 note 4} ‘Sierra Leone: state of the nation’, in West Africa, 20 June 1988, p. 1115.

^{Page 141 note 1} The ‘Green Revolution’ agricultural programme started in 1986 is faltering, and was perhaps fundamentally misconceived. Cf. Richards, Paul, African Agricultural Revolution: ecology and food production in West Africa (London, 1985).Google Scholar

^{Page 141 note 2} Kamara et al., loc. cit. p. 12.