^{page 287 note 1} See, for example, Williams, Raymond, Keywords (London, 1976), pp. 48–50.Google Scholar

^{page 288 note 1} The ethnographic data on which this article is based was collected prior to the coup d'étal of 12 April 1980 led by Master-Sergeant Doe, and present-day usage in Liberia may or may not be consistent with usuage prior to this date.

The Fieldwork in Grand Gedeh County was undertaken from November 1974 to June 1976, financed by a grant from the Social Science Rescarch Council to the Department of Social Anthropology, University of Manchester. The Support of both these bodies is gratefully acknowledged.

^{page 288 note 2} Fraenkel, Merran, Tribe and Class in Monrovia (London, 1964), pp. 67–8.Google Scholar

^{page 289 note 1} Ibid. p. 197.

^{page 289 note 2} See, for example, Schack's, William A. review of Fraenkel's Tribe and Class in Monrovia, in the American Anthropologist (Washington, D.C.), 68, 1966, p. 1529.Google Scholar

^{page 290 note 1} Clapham, Christopher, Liberia and Sierra Leone: an essay in comparative politics (Cambridge, 1976), p. 28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 290 note 2} For example, Lowenkopf, Martin, Politics in Liberia: the conservative road to development (Standford, 1976), pp. 80–1Google Scholar, quotes with approval David Blanchard's contention in ‘The Study of Small Farm Agriculture in Liberia’, Monrovia, July 1967, that economic gain is the primary incentive to the establishment of ‘kwi’ status. Blanchard's argument rests, however, upon the assumption that this status is formally defined (which is misleading), and also fails to take account of the fact that those classed in the ‘Civilised Community’ are required to make much greater contributions to the Government, in both cash and kind, than the ‘tribal’ community in general. Elizabeth Tonkin's recent paper on ‘civilised’ status in Liberia avoids many of the pitfalls of these other works, though she is more concerned with the history of the concept than with an analysis of its usage in society; ‘Model and Ideology: dimensions of being civilised in Liberia’, in Holy, Ladislav and Stuchlik, Milan (eds.), The Structure of Folk Models (London, 1981), pp. 305–30.Google Scholar

^{page 291 note 1} Fraenkel, op. cit. p. 197.

^{page 291 note 2} Gellner, Ernest, ‘Concepts and Society’, from the Transactions of the Fifth World Conference of Sociology (1962), reprinted in Wilson, B. R. (ed.), Rationality (London, 1970), pp. 18–49.Google Scholar

^{page 291 note 3} Ibid. p. 19.

^{page 292 note 1} Ibid. p. 42.

^{page 293 note 1} Ibid. p. 46.

^{page 296 note 1} Fraenkel, op. cit. p. 67.

^{page 296 note 2} See, for example, Williams, op. cit. pp. 48–50.

^{page 297 note 1} Wolpe, Harold, ‘The Theory of Internal Colonialism: the South African case’, in Oxaal, Ivar, Barnett, Tony, and Booth, David (eds.), Beyond the Sociology of Development: economy and society in Latin America and Africa (London and Boston, 1975), pp. 229–52.Google Scholar See also Foweraker, Joseph, ‘The Contemporary Peasantry: class and class practice’, in Newby, Howard (ed.), International Perspectives in Rural Sociology (New York, 1978), pp. 131–58.Google Scholar

^{page 298 note 1} But see, for example, Boesen, Jannik, ‘On Peasantry and the “Modes of Production Debate”’, in Review of African Political Economy (London), 14–15, 07 1980, pp. 154–61.Google Scholar

^{page 298 note 2} Wolpe, loc. cit. p. 244.

^{page 299 note 1} Ibid. pp. 244 ff.

^{page 299 note 2} In the sense used by Max Weber; see Gerth, H. H. and Wright-Mills, C., From Max Weber (London, 1948), p. 184.Google Scholar

^{page 299 note 3} Wolpe, loc. cit. p. 249.

^{page 300 note 1} See, for example, Allen, V. L., ‘The Meaning of the Working Class in Africa,’ in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), 10, 2, 07 1972, pp. 169–89.Google Scholar

^{page 301 note 1} Clapham, op. cit. p. 64.

^{page 302 note 1} Douglas, Mary, Purity and Danger (Harmondsworth, 1970), p. 134.Google Scholar

^{page 302 note 2} Ibid. p. 134.