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Marxism, Black Theology, and the South African Dilemma

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2008

John Parratt
Affiliation:
Professor and Head of the Department of Theology/Religious Studies, University of Botswana, Gaborone1

Extract

Alfredo Fierro was probably going too far when he characterised modern political theology as ‘operating under the sign of Marx’. Nevertheless, ever since Gustavo Gutierrez dropped the bombshell of ‘Liberation Theology’ on the playground of western theologians, it is clear that Marxism cannot be ignored in any relevant twentieth-century explication of the Christian faith. Gutierrez focused in particular upon two aspects of Marx's thought: the action of man in human history, and the transformation of the world in the interests of the oppressed. These are perhaps also the most important aspects of Marxism for an understanding of recent developments in South African theology today.

Type
Africana
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

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References

2 Fierro, Alfredo, The Militant Gospel (London, 1977), p. 80.Google Scholar

3 Gutierrez, Gustavo, The Theology of Liberation (Maryknoll, 1971).Google Scholar

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5 Steve Biko's definition of Black Consciousness was reprinted in I Write What I Like. A Selection of his Writings, edited with a personal memoir by Aelred Stubbs (London, 1978). See also Hirschmann, David, ‘The Black Consciousness Movement in South Africa’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), 28, 1, 03 1990, pp. 122.Google Scholar

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11 See Tutu, Desmond, The Voice of One Crying in the Wilderness (London, 1982),Google Scholar and Hope and Suffering (Braamfontein, 1983);Google Scholar and Boesak, Allan, The Finger of God (Johannesburg, 1979),Google ScholarWalking on Thorns (Geneva, 1983),Google Scholar and Black and Reformed (Johannesburg, 1985).Google Scholar

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14 For a good survey, see de Klerk, W. A., The Puritans in Africa: a story of Afrikanerdom (London,1975),Google Scholar and de Gruchy, John, The Church Struggle in South Africa (Grand Rapids, 1986 edn.).Google Scholar

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19 Boesak, Farewell to Innocence, p. 142. This theme is developed by Goba, Bonganjalo, An Agenda for Black Theology (Braamfontein, 1988), and by Frank Chikane, ‘Doing Theology in a Situation of Conflict’, in Villa-Vicencio and de Gruchy (eds.), op. cit. pp. 98–102.Google Scholar

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22 Itumeleng Mosala, ‘The Relevance of African Independent Churches and their Challenge to Black Theology’, in ibid. p. 97.

23 Ibid. p. 98.

24 Mosala, Itumeleng, ‘African Independent Churches’, in Villa-Vicencio and de Gruchy (eds.), op. cit. p. 110. Mosala goes so far as to claim that culture is not ethnic but based on class. If this is accepted, the whole idea of culture as used in African theology would presumably have to be redefined.Google Scholar

25 Ibid. p. 108.

26 Mofokengs, ibid. p. 123.

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33 Hebblethwaite, Peter, The Christian–Marxist Dialogue and Beyond (London, 1977), p. 102.Google Scholar