Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T16:39:33.406Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Government–donor relations in Sierra Leone: who is in the driving seat?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 February 2020

David Harris*
Affiliation:
University of Bradford, BradfordBD7 1DP, UK
Felix Marco Conteh*
Affiliation:
Independent Researcher, Freetown

Abstract

Since the cessation of conflict in 2002, Sierra Leone has experienced extraordinary levels of involvement from Western donors. Paradoxically, while relationships are often portrayed on the ground as strong with significant donor influence, our research shows considerable fluidity in individual and institutional relationships. The article disaggregates donor–government relations at various levels over a short but crucial period, 2010–16, asking in each case who occupies the driving seat. In so doing, the article interrogates the concept of ‘extraversion’, investigating to what extent government – and indeed donors – has space in which to manoeuvre and how and why government and donors act as they do in this space. The period 2010–16 is of particular interest due to extreme iron ore price volatility and the Ebola epidemic of 2014–15. The article adds much-needed critique and empirical evidence to the debate on donor influence and ‘extraversion’.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

The authors would like to thank the many interviewees for their time and frankness, and the peer reviewers and Julia Gallagher in particular for their judicious comments.

References

REFERENCES

Abouassi, K. 2010. ‘International development management through a southern lens’, Public Administration and Development 30: 116–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amnesty International. 2016. ‘Sierra Leone: continued pregnancy ban in schools and failure to protect rights is threatening teenage girls’ futures.’ <https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2016/11/sierra-leone-continued-pregnancy-ban-in-schools-and-failure-to-protect-rights-is-threatening-teenage-girls-futures/>, accessed 6.1.2017.,+accessed+6.1.2017.>Google Scholar
Arrighi, G.J. & Saul, J.. 1973. Essays on the Political Economy of Africa. New York, NY: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Baker, B. & May, R.. 2006. ‘A sustainable peace? Sierra Leone’, in Furley, O. & May, R., eds. Ending Africa's Wars: progressing to peace. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 221–38.Google Scholar
Bayart, J-F. 2000. ‘Africa in the world: A history of extraversion’, African Affairs 99, 395: 217–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernstein, H. 1973. Underdevelopment and Development. New York, NY: Penguin.Google Scholar
Brown, W. 2013. ‘Sovereignty matters: Africa, donors and the aid relationship’, African Affairs 112, 447: 262–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cargill, T. 2008. Sierra Leone a Year After Elections: still in the balance. London: Chatham House.Google Scholar
Chabal, P. & Daloz, J-P.. 1999. Africa Works: disorder as political instrument. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Chang, H.J. 2006. The East Asian Development Experience: the miracle, the crisis and the future. London: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Citizen's Agenda for Prosperity Coalition. 2016. ‘Corruption stops with us: ending bribery for traffic offences in Sierra Leone.' Freetown: Citizen's Agenda for Prosperity Coalition.Google Scholar
Clapham, C. 2006. ‘Fitting China in', Brenthurst Discussion Paper, 1–6.Google Scholar
Conteh, F.M. 2016. ‘The promise and reality of decentralization: a critical assessment of Sierra Leone's primary health care delivery system’, Critical African Studies 8, 3: 350–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conteh, F.M. 2017. ‘Politics, development and the instrumentalization of (de) centralization in Sierra Leone’, Review of African Political Economy 44, 151: 3046.10.1080/03056244.2016.1267618CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, F. 2002. Africa Since 1940: the past of the present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, N. 2007. ‘Review article: on the crisis of the liberal peace’, Conflict, Security & Development 7, 4: 605–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, P. 2015. Ebola in Sierra Leone: economic impact and recovery. London: Adam Smith International. <http://www.adamsmithinternational.com/documents/resource-uploads/Ebola_in_Sierra_Leone.pdf>, accessed 6.1.2017.Google Scholar
Easterly, W. 2006. The White Man's Burden: why the West's efforts to aid the rest have done so much ill and so little good. New York, NY: Penguin.Google Scholar
Fanthorpe, R. 2006. ‘On the limits of liberal peace: chiefs and democratic decentralization in post-war Sierra Leone’, African Affairs 105, 418: 2749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fukuyama, F. 2004. State-Building: governance and world order in the twenty-first century. London: Profile Books.Google Scholar
Furtado, X. & Smith, W.J.. 2009. ‘Ethiopia: Retaining sovereignty in aid relations’, in Whitfield, L., ed. The Politics of Aid: African strategies for dealing with donors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1355.Google Scholar
Gallagher, J. 2011. Britain and Africa under Blair: in pursuit of the good state. Manchester: Manchester University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, D. 2013. Sierra Leone: a political history. London: Hurst.Google Scholar
Hayman, R. 2009. ‘Rwanda: milking the cow: creating policy space in spite of aid dependence’, in Whitfield, L., ed. The Politics of Aid: African strategies for dealing with donors. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 156–84.Google Scholar
Kanyako, V. 2016. ‘Donor policies in post-war Sierra Leone’, Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 11, 1: 2639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kargbo, M.S. 2006. British Foreign Policy and the Conflict in Sierra Leone, 1991–2001. Oxford: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Lindsay, L. 2014. ‘Extraversion, creolization, and dependency in the Atlantic Slave Trade’, Journal of African History 55, 135–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muhumuza, W. 2008. ‘Pitfalls of decentralization reforms in transitional societies: the case of Uganda’, Africa Development 33, 4: 5981.Google Scholar
Paris, R. 2010. ‘Saving liberal peacebuilding’, Review of International Studies 36, 2: 337–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peiffer, C. & Englebert, P.. 2012. ‘Extraversion, vulnerability to donors, and political liberalization in Africa’, African Affairs 111, 444: 355–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ricard, M. 2017. ‘Historicity of extraversion in Côte d'Ivoire and the ‘post-conflict’’, Journal of Contemporary African Studies 35, 4: 506–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richmond, O. 2010. ‘Resistance and the post-liberal peace’, Millennium 38, 3: 665–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rimmer, D. 2003. ‘Learning about economic development from Africa’, African Affairs 102, 408: 469–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodney, W. 1972. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. London: Bogle-L'Ouverture.Google Scholar
Tavakoli, H., Cessay, I. & Cole, W.. 2014. ‘Success when stars align: public financial management reforms in Sierra Leone.' WIDER Working Paper 81: 6–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, I. 2009. ‘Earth calling the liberals: locating the political culture of Sierra Leone as the terrain for ‘reform’’, in Newman, E., Paris, R. & Richmond, O., eds. New Thinking on Liberal Peacebuilding. Tokyo: UN University Press, 159–77.Google Scholar
Taylor, I. 2016. ‘Dependency redux: why Africa is not rising’, Review of African Political Economy 43, 147: 825.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
TeleGeography. 2015. ‘Sierra Leone liberalises international gateway.' 11.3.2015. <https://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate/articles/2015/03/11/sierra-leone-liberalises-international-gateway/>, accessed 1.7.2019., accessed 1.7.2019.' href=https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=TeleGeography.2015.+‘Sierra+Leone+liberalises+international+gateway.'+11.3.2015.+,+accessed+1.7.2019.>Google Scholar
Treisman, D. 2007. The Architecture of Government: rethinking decentralization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitfield, L. 2009. Politics of Aid: African strategies for dealing with donors. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wroe, D. 2012. ‘Donors, dependency, and political crisis in Malawi’, African Affairs 111, 442: 135–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, T. 2002. ‘‘A project to be realised’: global liberalism and a new world order’, in Hovden, E. & Keene, E., eds. The Globalisation of Liberalism. London: Palgrave, 173–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar