¹ Usually referred to as the first stirings of Afrikaner consciousness. February, V. A., Mind Your Colour: the ‘coloured’ stereotype in South African literature (London and Boston, 1981), p. 41, offers a different interpretation when he states: ‘Then, for the first time, the word “Africander” was used to mean “white”.’Google Scholar

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⁴ De Kerkbode (Cape Town), 22 November 1837, my translation of Afrikaans, as elsewhere.Google Scholar

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⁸ The Ossewa Brandwag, or ‘Oxwagon Fire Guard’, was formed as an action front for the Broederbond during the commemorative centennial of the Great Trek in 1938. It was opposed to war against Germany, and hoped during 1940–1 to bring about a coup d'état in South Africa. See further in du Toit, Configurations of Cultural Continuity, pp. 119 and 142–4.

⁹ Pirow, Oswald, Nuwe Orde uir Suid Afrika (Pretoria, 1941), publsihed by the Christian–Republican South African National–Socialist Study Circle.Google Scholar

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¹² Harry Schwartz is currently South Africa's ambassador to the United States.

¹³ Luthuli, Albert, Let My People Go (London, 1962).Google Scholar

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⁷⁵ One ultra-conservative spokesman sees a direct relation between the ‘humanistic–liberalistic’ Cottesloe discussions and David Pratt's assassination attack on Verwoerd in 1960. See Pont, A. D., Die Liberalisme in die Afrikaanse Kerke (Pretoria, 1978), Christelike Kultuuraksie, No. 10, p. 5.Google Scholar

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⁸⁰ Booysen, , interview, August 1990.Google Scholar

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⁹⁴ Fischer, and Albeldas, , op. cit. p. 179.Google Scholar

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⁹⁶ Beeld, 13 August 1990.Google Scholar

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⁹⁸ The Pretoria News, 20 August 1990.Google Scholar

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¹⁰¹ Thurow, Roger, ‘Violent Stirings: reform in South Africa has rightists talking of armed resistance,’ in The Wall Street Journal (New York), 19 06 1990.Google Scholar

¹⁰² According to The Star, 15 May 1991, the A.W.B. recorganised and attacked Tshing, a black township outside Ventersdrop, after they had been scared away by the police from Goedgevonden. A week later the A.W.B. announced at a meeting in Pretoria that each of the 2,000 farmers who had taken part in ‘the battle of Goedgevonden’ would receive a medal, and that the scrapping of the 1913 Land Acts ‘assuring whites of the lion's share of South Africa’ would be interpreted as a ‘declaration of war’. Ibid. 22 May 1991.

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¹⁰⁴ ‘No Mas,’ means ‘No More’, and was the first ‘whites-only’ election poster to appear in a language other than Afrikaans or English.

¹⁰⁵ There are those who explain this split as a result of class divisions – for example, Charney, Craig, ‘Class Conflict and the National Party Split’, in Journal of Southern African Studies (London), 10, 2, 1984, pp. 269–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar According to Baker, Pauline H., ‘South Africa: the Afrikaner Angst’, in Foreign Policy (Washington, D.C.), 69, 1988, p. 61, ‘The heart of the problem lies within Afrikanerdom. From a homogeneous community of impoverished farmers, miners, and manual laborers in Malan's day, Afrikaners have become largely an urbanized society of middle-class managers and technocrats. The Afrikaners have changed, so have their politics, creating divisions that even Malan did not foresee. Because it is class-based, the process of fragmentation seems irreversible’.Google Scholar

¹⁰⁶ The Star, 21 August 1991, international airmail edition.Google Scholar

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