^{Page 191 note 1} Fanon's life and thought may be surveyed in the following: Grohs, G. K., ‘Frantz Fanon and the African Revolution’, in The Journal of Modem African Studies (Cambridge), VI, 4, 12 1968, pp. 543–56;Google ScholarCaute, David, Frantz Fanon (New York, 1970);Google ScholarZahar, Renate, L'Oeuvre de Frantz Fanon (Paris, 1970);Google ScholarGeismar, Peter, Fanon (New York, 1971);Google ScholarBouvier, Pierre, Fanon (Paris, 1971);Google ScholarLucas, Philippe, Sociologic de Frantz Fanon (Algiers, 1971);Google ScholarBeckett, Paul A., ‘Frantz Fanon and Sub-Saharan Africa: notes on the contemporary significance of his thought’, in Africa Today (Denver), XIX, 2, Spring 1972, pp. 59–72;Google ScholarObiechina, Emmanuel, ‘Frantz Fanon’, in Ufahamu (Los Angeles), III, 2, Fall 1972, pp. 97–116;Google ScholarGendzier, Irene L., Frantz Fanon: a critical study (New York, 1973);Google Scholar and Jinadu, L. Adele, ‘Some Aspects of the Political Philosophy of Frantz Fanon’, in African Studies Review (East Lansing), XVI, 2, 09 1973, pp. 255–89.Google Scholar

^{Page 192 note 1} Although there is no biography of Cabral his ideas are discussed in the following: Chilcote, Ronald H., ‘The Political Thought of Amilcar Cabral’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies, VI, 3, 10 1968, pp. 373–88;CrossRefGoogle ScholarChaliand, Gérard, Armed Struggle in Africa: with the guerrillas in ‘Portuguese’ Guinea (New York, 1969);Google ScholarDavidson, Basil, The Liberation of Guind: aspects of an African revolution (Baltimore, 1969);Google ScholarMagubane, Bernard, ‘Amilcar Cabral: evolution of revolutionary thought’, in Ufahamu, II, 2, Fall 1971, pp. 71–87;Google ScholarFerreira, Eduardo, ‘Theory of Revolution and Background to his Assassination’, in Ufahamu, III, 3, Winter 1973, pp. 49–68;Google ScholarHubbard, Maryinez L., ‘Culture and History in a Revolutionary Context: approaches to Amilcar Cabral’, in Ufahamu, III, 3, Winter 1973, pp. 69–86;Google Scholar and McCollester, Charles, ‘The Political Thought of Amilcar Cabral’, in The Monthly Review (New York), XXIV, 10, 03 1973, pp. 10–21.Google Scholar

^{Page 192 note 2} Fanon, Frantz, ‘Letter to the Resident Minister’ (1956), in Toward the African Revolution (New York edn., 1969), p. 53.Google Scholar

^{Page 193 note 1} Quoted in Andelman, David A., ‘Profile: Amilcar Cabral’, in Africa Report (New York), 05 1970, p. 19.Google Scholar

^{Page 193 note 2} Fanon, , ‘Decolonization and Independence’ (1958), in Toward the African Revolution, p. 105.Google Scholar

^{Page 193 note 3} Cabral, Amilcar, ‘Guinea and Cabo Verde Against Portuguese Colonialism’ (1961), in Revolution in Guinea: selected texts by Amilcar Cabral (New York, 1969), p. 14.Google Scholar

^{Page 193 note 4} Cabral, ‘The Weapon of Theory’ (1966), in ibid. p. 102.

^{Page 194 note 1} Cabral (1965), quoted in Rudebeck, Lars, ‘Political Mobilisation for Development in Guinea-Bissau’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies, x, 1, 05 1972, p. 3.Google Scholar

^{Page 194 note 2} Cabral, , ‘The Development of the Struggle’ (1968), in Revolution in Guinea, pp. 125 f.Google Scholar

^{Page 194 note 3} Cabral, , ‘The Weapon of Theory’, p. 93.Google Scholar

^{Page 195 note 1} Cabral, , ‘Practical Problems and Tactics’ (1968), in Revolution in Guinea, p. 159.Google Scholar

^{Page 196 note 1} Fanon, , The Wretched of the Earth (New York edn., 1968), p. 40.Google Scholar

^{Page 196 note 2} Cabral, , ‘Brief Analysis of the Social Structure in Guinea’ (1964), in Revolution in Guinea, p. 68.Google Scholar

^{Page 197 note 1} Ibid. p. 69.

^{Page 197 note 2} Fanon, , The Wretched of the Earth, p. 61.Google Scholar For an evaluation of his views on the peasantry, as well as on class in general, see Perinbam, B. Marie, ‘Fanon and the Revolutionary Peasantry– the Algerian Case’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies, XI, 3, 09 1973, pp. 427–45;CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Staniland, Martin, ‘Frantz Fanon and the African Political Class’, in African Affairs (London), LXVIII, 270, 01 1969, pp. 4–25.Google Scholar

^{Page 198 note 1} Cabral, , ‘At the United Nations’ (1962), in Revolution in Guinea, p. 38.Google Scholar Also see Cabral, , ‘Identity and Dignity in the National Liberation Struggle’, in Africa Today, XIX, 4, Fall 1972, p. 47.Google Scholar

^{Page 198 note 2} Cabral, , ‘Brief Analysis of the Social Structure’, p. 61.Google Scholar

^{Page 199 note 1} Ibid. pp. 62f.

^{Page 199 note 2} Cabral, , ‘At the United Nations’, p. 37.Google Scholar

^{Page 199 note 3} Fanon, , The Wretched of the Earth, p. 108.Google Scholar

^{Page 199 note 4} Ibid. p. 109. Fanon's position on the proletariat, especially in its relationship with the peasantry, has made subject to criticism by Marxists. See Nghe, Nguyen, ‘Frantz Fanon et les problèmes de l'indépendence’, in La Pensée (Paris), 107, 02 1963, pp. 22–36;Google Scholar and Woddis, Jack, New Theories of Revolution: a commentary on the views of Frantz Fanon, Régis Debray, and Herbert Marcuse (New York, 1972), pp. 25–175.Google Scholar

^{Page 199 note 5} Cabral, , ‘Brief Analysis of the Social Structure’, p. 59.Google Scholar

^{Page 200 note 1} Fanon, , The Wretched of the Earth, p. 129.Google Scholar

^{Page 200 note 2} Ibid. p. 130.

^{Page 200 note 3} Ibid. p. 175.

^{Page 200 note 4} Ibid. p. 150.

^{Page 200 note 5} Ibid. pp. 159 and 174f.

^{Page 201 note 1} Ibid. p. 150.

^{Page 201 note 2} Ibid. p. 164.

^{Page 201 note 3} Cabral, , ‘Identity and Dignity’, p. 42.Google Scholar

^{Page 202 note 1} Ibid. p. 47.

^{Page 202 note 2} Cabral, , ‘Brief Analysis of the Social Structure’, p. 69.Google Scholar

^{Page 202 note 3} Ibid. p. 70.

^{Page 202 note 4} Cabral, , ‘The Weapon of Theory’, p. 110.Google Scholar

^{Page 202 note 5} For a discussion and evaluation of Lenin's theory on, and contribution to, the concept of revolution, as well as those of others, see Blackey, Robert and Paynton, Clifford T., Revolution and the Revolutionary Ideal (Cambridge, Mass., forthcoming).Google Scholar

^{Page 203 note 1} Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth, ‘Spontaneity: its strength and weakness’, passim.

^{Page 203 note 2} Ibid. p. 165.

^{Page 203 note 3} Ibid. pp. 125–8.

^{Page 204 note 1} Quoted in Davidson, op. cit. p. 138.

^{Page 204 note 2} Quoted in Chaliand, op. cit. p. 68.

^{Page 204 note 3} Cabral, , ‘The Weapon of Theory’, p. 105.Google Scholar

^{Page 204 note 4} See Klein, A. Norman, ‘On Revolutionary Violence’, in Studies On The Left (New York), VI, 3, 1966, pp. 62–82;Google ScholarDeming, Barbara, ‘On Revolution and Equilibrium’, in Liberation (London), XII, 1, 02 1968, pp. 10–21;Google ScholarCoser, Louis, ‘Fanon and Debray: theorists of the Third World’, in Howe, Irving (ed.), Beyond the New Left (New York, 1970);Google ScholarSutton, Horace, ‘Fanon’, in Saturday Review (New York), 17 07 1971;Google Scholar Gendzier, op. cit.; and Jinadu, loc. cit.

^{Page 205 note 1} Fanon, , The Wretched of the Earth, pp. 36 and 61.Google Scholar

^{Page 205 note 2} Ibid. p. 45.

^{Page 205 note 3} Ibid. p. 147.

^{Page 205 note 4} Ibid. p. 143.

^{Page 205 note 5} Fanon, , A Dying Colonialism (New York edn., 1965), p. 24.Google Scholar

^{Page 205 note 6} Ibid. p. 25.

^{Page 206 note 1} Fanon, , The Wretched of the Earth, p. 94.Google Scholar

^{Page 206 note 2} Ibid. p. 193.

^{Page 206 note 3} Cabral, , ‘The Weapon of Theory’, p. 107.Google Scholar

^{Page 206 note 4} Cabral, , ‘Practical Problems and Tactics’, p. 135.Google Scholar

^{Page 207 note 1} Fanon, , The Wretched of the Earth, pp. 210f.Google Scholar

^{Page 207 note 2} Ibid. p. 218.

^{Page 207 note 3} Ibid. p. 233.

^{Page 207 note 4} Ibid.

^{Page 207 note 5} Cabral, , ‘Identity and Dignity’, pp. 40f.Google Scholar

^{Page 207 note 6} Ibid. p. 41.

^{Page 207 note 7} Fanon, , ‘Algeria Face to Face with the French Torturers’ (1957), in Toward the African Revolution, p. 64.Google Scholar

^{Page 208 note 1} Fanon, , The Wretched of the Earth, p. 316.Google Scholar

^{Page 208 note 2} Cabral, , ‘Guinea and Cabo Verde Against Portuguese Colonialism’, p. 17.Google Scholar

^{Page 208 note 3} Quoted in Chaliand, op. cit. p. 35.

^{Page 209 note 1} Cabral, , ‘Practical Problems and Tactics’, pp. 159 f.Google Scholar

^{Page 209 note 2} Cabral, , ‘The Weapon of Theory’, p. 92.Google Scholar