¹ The data and specifics that follow are based on the research of the authors, as discussed in the following sources: Alderman, Harold, Sahn, David E., and Arulpragasam, Jehan, ‘Food Subsidies in an Environment of Distorted Exchange Rates: evidence from Mozambique’, in Food Policy (Guildford, Surrey), 08 1991, pp. 395–404;Google ScholarArulpragasam, Jehan and Sahn, David E., ‘The Limitations of Rapid Economic Reforms in Dirigiste Guinea’, in Sahn, (ed.), Economic Crisis and Reform in Africa (Ithaca, NY, 1994);Google ScholarSahn, David E. and Arulpragasam, Jehan, ‘Land Tenure, Dualism, and Poverty in Malawi’, in van der Gaag, Jacques and Lipton, Michael (eds.), Including the Poor (Washington, DC, 1993), pp. 306–34, and ‘The Stagnation of Smallholder Agriculture in Malawi: a decade of structural adjustment’, in Food Policy, June 1991, pp 219–34;Google Scholar and Sarris, Alexander H. and van den Brink, Rogier, Economic Policy and Household Welfare during Crisis and Adjustment in Tanzania (New York, 1993).Google Scholar

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