Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T12:59:54.111Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Economics and Politics in The Gambia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 November 2008

Extract

In this increasingly bloc-competitive world, small countries are generally overlooked. Unless, by dint of fortune, they have some strategic resource, or have leaders who are globally vocal and visible, or are able to link themselves to the fortunes of larger political units, they may very well stand to be economically disadvantaged. Located in the drought-prone Sudano-Sahelian region of West Africa, with a land area that spans only 4,361 square miles (11,295 sq km) and a population currently estimated at about 797,000, The Gambia represents the classic case of a small country. It is surrounded on all sides by Senagal, except for its short Atlantic coastline, and extends 484 km inland, varying in width between 24 and 48 km along the River Gambia. Apart from being a geographical Lilliput, it has few natural resources and lacks the type of controversial leadership that commands world attention.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 The Gambia Since Independence, 1965–1980: 15 years of nationhood (Banjul, 1980), p. 5.Google Scholar

2 Gailey, Harry A., Historical Dictionary of The Gambia (Metuchen, N.J. and London, 1987 edn), pp. 1415.Google Scholar

3 Nyang, S. S., ‘Politics in Post Independence Gambia’, in Current Bibliography on African Affairs (Farmingdale, N.Y.), Summer 1975, p. 113.Google Scholar

4 Rice, Berkeley, Enter Gambia: the birth of an improbable nation (Boston, 1967).Google Scholar

5 The Gambia Since Independence, p. 5.

6 Gailey, op. cit. p. 13.

7 Ibid. p. 12.

8 World Bank, The Gambia – Basic Needs in The Gambia (Washington, D.C., 1981), p. i,Google Scholar and International Monetary Fund, Surveys of African Economies, Vol. 6 (Washington, D.C., 1975), pp. 886.Google Scholar

9 Basic Needs in The Gambia, p. 1.

10 Sallah, Tijan M., ‘Agricultural Tenancy and Contracts: an economic analysis of the strange farmer system in The Gambia’, Ph.D. dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, 1987.Google Scholar

11 Weil, Peter M., ‘The Introduction of the Ox Plow in Central Gambia’, in McLoughlin, Peter F. M. (ed.), African Food Production Systems: cases and theory (Baltimore and London, 1970), pp. 229–63.Google Scholar

12 Surveys of African Economies, op. cit. p. 13.

13 Ibid. p. 14.

14 Basic Needs in The Gambia, p. vi.

15 Ceesay-Marenah, Coumba, ‘Women's Cooperative Thrift and Credit Societies: an element of women's programs in the Gambia’, in Hafkin, Nancy J. and Bay, Edna G. (eds.), Women in Africa: studies in social and economic change (Stanford, 1976), pp. 289–95.Google Scholar

16 ‘Gambia’, in Moroney, Sean (ed.), Handbooks to the Modern World, Vol. 1, Africa (New York, 1989), pp. 191–9.Google Scholar

17 World Bank, Trends in Developing Economies, 1989 (Washington, D.C., 09 1989) p. 166.Google Scholar

19 Obe, As'Obe, ‘A President's Story’, interview with Alhaji Sir Dawda Kairaba Jawara, in West Africa (London), 192502 1990, p. 265.Google Scholar

20 World Bank, Trends in Developing Economies, 1989, p. 167.

22 No Stopping: review of this year's budget’, in West Africa, 2–8 07 1990, p. 2023.Google Scholar

23 P.D.O.I.S., ‘Another Step Backward: analysis of the 1989 budget speech by Mr. Saihou Sabally, Minister of Finance and Trade’, in Foroyaa (Banjul), 30 06 1989, p. 17.Google Scholar

25 World Bank, Trends in Developing Economies, 1989, p. 167.

26 ‘Budget: trimming the fat’, in Topic Magazine (Banjul), I, 2, 07 1989, pp. 89.Google Scholar

27 World Bank, Trends in Developing Economies, 1989, p. 168.

28 Foroyaa, 30 June 1989, p. 22.

29 Moroney, (ed.), op. cit. p. 196.Google Scholar

30 Hughes, Arnold, ‘From Colonialism to Confederation: the Gambian experience of independence, 1965–1982’, in Cohen, Robin (ed.), African Islands and Enclaves, Vol. 7 (London, 1983), p. 69.Google Scholar

31 No relation to the author. ‘Koro’ is a bastardised form of the name of Kwame Nkrumah, the pan-Africanist President of Ghana who had been removed in that country's first coup d'état in 1966.

32 ‘The Gambia, Concern for MOJA Members’, in West Africa, 12 01 1981, p. 90.Google Scholar

33 According to the editorial in Balang-Baa (Mbanye) – The Resistance Organ of MOJA-G (Stockholm), 1981, p. I, in addition to Sanyang, the following were the members of the National Revolutionary Council: Kambeng Badji, Demba Camara, Tapha Camara, Dembo Janneh, Ousainou Jarwoh, Jerreh Kolley, Kartong Fatty, Junkung Saho, Simang Sanneh, Momadou Sanyang, and Apai Sonko.Google Scholar

34 Ibid. p. 1.

35 Africa, 121, September 1981.

36 Balang-Baa (Mbanye), p. 2.

37 Dash, Leon, ‘Gambian Coup Leader Threatens to Kill President's Wife and Children’ and ‘Loyalists Battle Rebels at Gambia Radio Station’, in The Washington Post, I and 2 August 1981.Google Scholar

38 Balang-Baa (Mbanye), pp. 2–6.

39 Dash, Leon, ‘Senegalese Troops in Gambia Find Welcome Wearing Thin’, in The Washington Post, 13 08 1981.Google Scholar

40 Faal, Ndey Aja, ‘That Revolt in The Gambia: can you be a virgin only once?’, in New African (London), 09 1981, p. 49.Google Scholar

41 Ibid. p. 48.

43 Momoh, Edie, ‘I'll Go Back and Fight’, interview with Kukoi Samba Sanyang, in West Africa, 28 03 1988, p. 538.Google Scholar

44 Fadugba, Nick, ‘Battle for Banjul’, in Africa, 121, September 1981, p. 15.Google Scholar

45 Hughes, Arnold, ‘Why the Gambian Coup Failed’, in West Africa, 26 10 1981, p. 2498.Google Scholar

46 Ibid. pp. 2499–500.

47 Fadugba, loc. cit. pp. 17–18.

48 Jawara, Dawda Kairaba, ‘His Excellency the President's New Year Message to the Nation: 1st 01 1981’, a press release of The Gambia Government, Banjul, 1981, p. 4.Google Scholar

49 Shakespeare, William, Julius Ceasar, Act I, Scene 2, lines 140–1.Google Scholar

50 Fadugba, loc. cit. p. 17.

51 W. B. Yeats, ‘Easter 1916’.

52 Hughes, , loc. cit. p. 2499. Also Leon Dash, ‘After Revolt, Security will be a Priority in Democratic Gambia’, in The Washington Post, 10 August 1981.Google Scholar

53 Hughes, Arnold, ‘The Gambia After the Coup Attempt’, in West Africa, 2 11 1981, pp. 2570–3.Google Scholar

54 ‘Synopsis of a Press Conference held by His Excellency the President of the Republic on Friday, August 7th, 1981’, Banjul.

55 Fishman, Steve, ‘Senegambia: two nations in one’, in The Christian Science Monitor (Boston), 6 10 1981.Google Scholar

56 Arnold Hughes, ‘Senegambia Revisited or Changing Gambian Perceptions of Integration with Senegal’, Faculty of Commerce and Social Science, University of Birmingham, 1974, Occasional Paper No. 21.

57 Mook, Hubertus J. V., Graessli, Max, Monfrini, Henri, and Weisfelt, Hendrik, U.N. Report on the Alternatives for Association Between The Gambia and Senegal (Bathurst, 1968), p. 80.Google Scholar

58 Fishman, loc. cit.

59 Manjang, Ousman, ‘The Senegambia Confederation: Marriage of Confusion - I’, in West Africa, 3 11 1986, p. 2307.Google Scholar

60 Fishman, loc. cit.

61 Manjang, loc. cit. p. 2307.

62 Le Soleil (Daker), author's translation, date misplaced.Google Scholar

63 Manjang, loc. cit. p. 2310.

64 P.D.O.I.S., ‘The Game is Over’, in Foroyaa, 25 August 1989, p. 27.

65 Manjang, Ousman, ‘Marriage of Confusion - 2’, in West Africa, 10 11 1986, p. 2359.Google Scholar

66 P.D.O.I.S., loc. cit. pp. 26–9.

67 Gueye, Amadou Mactar, ‘Herculean Tasks’, in West Africa, 18–24 09 1989, p. 1551.Google Scholar

68 Manjang, loc. cit. p. 2359.

69 ‘Gambians Protest Harassment’, in West Africa, 27 November-3 December 1989, pp. 1871–2.

70 ‘The Gambia's Future’, in ibid. 19–25 February 1990, p. 251.

71 According the Manjang, Ousman in loc. cit. p. 2360, the trader S. Sesay, together with ‘the managing director of the commercial bank [then the President's brother-in-law] and a group of several other merchants and businessmen … form what Gambians now call “the Banjul Mafia”. They represent the rapid shift of the Jawara regime's social base from a socio-economic class of merchants, bureaucrats, politicians and rich peasants to a quasi-legal formation of moneymagnates, smuggler-merchants and big men of dubious business.’Google Scholar

72 ‘Budget’, in Topic Magazine, p. 7.

73 Moroney, (ed.), op. cit. p. 197.Google Scholar

74 Sillah, Baba, ‘Budget Visions of Prosperity’, in West Africa, 4 07 1988, p. 1, 231.Google Scholar

77 Topic Magazine, July 1989, p. 7.

78 West Africa, 2–8 July 1990, p. 2023.

79 World Bank, Trends in Developing Economies, 1989, p. 168.

80 The Republic of The Gambia: Education Policy, 1988–2003 (Banjul, 1988), pp. 159.Google Scholar

81 The Medical Service Act, 1988 (Banjul, 1988), pp. 40–9.Google Scholar

82 Topic Magazine, July 1989, p. 9.

83 Foroyaa, 25 August 1989, p. 23.

84 Soyinka, Kayode, ‘I'm the Author, the Omega’, interview with President Jawara, in Newswatch (Lagos), 19 03 1990, p. 60.Google Scholar

85 West Africa, 2–8 July 1990, p. 2023.

86 Foroyaa, 25 August 1898, p. 23.

87 Quoted in ‘The Gambia Special’ by Grey-Johnson, Nana, ‘Reflections on History’, in West Africa, 19–25 02 1990, p. 280.Google Scholar

88 ‘PDOIS – People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism – Looks at 25 Years of Independence or Dependence’, in Topic Magazine, 2, February 1990, p. 18.