^{page 397 note 1} Botswana National Archives (B.N.A.), ‘Pan-Africanism or Other Movements Amongst the Natives and the Extent to which They Have Managed to Obtain Firearms’, Unit No. 2. 8/3, Gaborone.

^{page 397 note 2} ‘Political Parties Leaders in the High Commission Territories’, B.N.A. Unit S. 535/6.

^{page 398 note 1} On the search for Botswana's first political party, see Nengwekhulu, Ranwedzi, ‘Some Findings on the Origins of Political Parties in Botswana’, in Pula: Botswana Journal of African Studies (Gaborone), 1, 2, 06 1979, pp. 47–75.Google Scholar

^{page 398 note 2} Letter from Raditladi, L. D. to Germond, A., 21 May 1959, ‘Legislative Council: memoranda from members of the public re’, 4a, B.N.A. Unit No. S. 548/11.Google Scholar

^{page 398 note 3} ‘Memorandum of Suggestions for the Proposed Constitution of the Bechuanaland Protectorate Legislative Council by the Bechuanaland Protectorate Federal Party’, 30 May 1959, ibid.

^{page 399 note 1} Bechuanaland Protectorate, Report of the Joint Advisory Council Constitutional Committee on the Establishment of a Legislative Council and Executive Council for the Bechuanaland Protectorate Made to the Joint Advisory Council of the Bechuanaland Protectorate on the 8th October, 1959 (Mafeking?, 1959), para. 21.Google Scholar

^{page 399 note 2} See Hyam, Ronald, The Failure of South African Expansion, 1908–1948 (London, 1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 399 note 3} See Robertson, Harold H., ‘From Protectorate to Republic: the political history of Botswana, 1926–1966’, Ph.D. dissertation, Dalhousie University, Halifax, 1978.Google Scholar

^{page 400 note 1} Bechuanaland People's Party, ‘Constitution (Draft)’, 6 December 1960, B.N.A. Unit No. S. 535/6.

^{page 400 note 2} Robertson, op. cit. p. 458.

^{page 400 note 3} Nengwekhulu, loc. cit. p. 65.

^{page 400 note 4} Wiseman, John, ‘The Opposition Parties of Botswana’, in Southern African Research in Progress. Collected Papers: 4, Centre for Southern African Studies, University of York, 1979, p. 184.Google Scholar

^{page 400 note 5} Mpho's useful account of the origins of Botswana's political parties can be found in ‘Address by Motsamai Keyecwe Mpho to Maun Secondary School Students’ History Society on Formation of Political Parties in Bechuanaland Protectorate given at Maun Secondary School on March 24, 1981’, Maun, mimeographed.

^{page 401 note 1} Nengwekhulu, loc. cit. p. 69.

^{page 402 note 1} National Front Pamphlet No. 1: the Botswana National Front, its character and tasks, B.N.A. Unit BNB 1090 [1965], p. 16.

^{page 402 note 2} See Duverger, Maurice, Political Parties: their organization and activity in the modern state, translated by Barbara, and North, Robert (New York, 1959 edn.), pp. 23 and 63.Google Scholar

^{page 402 note 3} Nengwekhulu, loc. cit. p. 75.

^{page 402 note 4} Botswana Democratic Party, Constitution of the Botswana Democratic Party.

^{page 403 note 1} Bechuanaland Democratic Party, Election Manifesto, 1965, pp. 3–4.

^{page 403 note 2} For an ill-informed, critical account of Kagisano, see Damachi, Ukandi G., Leadership Ideology in Africa: attitudes toward socio-economic development (New York, 1976), pp. 37–54.Google Scholar

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^{page 403 note 5} ‘Address on Kagisano’, pp. 146–7.

^{page 403 note 6} ‘Address on Developing Democracy in Southern Africa at the Dag Hammarskjöld Centre, Uppsala, 11 November 1970’, in Carter, and Morgan, (eds.), op. cit. pp. 101–2.Google Scholar

^{page 404 note 1} Lekgotla La Kgomo E. Tshwana (Botswana Independence Party): Kaikaelelo le Maitlamo (Manifesto), n.p., n.d., pp. 34–8.

^{page 404 note 2} Motsamai Mpho, ‘Presidential Address to the 9th Annual National Conference of the Botswana Independence Party on the 18th–19th December, 1971, in the Community Hall Palapye Botswana’, n.d. mimeographed, p. 1.

^{page 404 note 3} See, for example, ‘Presidential Address to the 18th Annual National Conference of the BIP Delivered by the Honourable M. K. Mpho for Okavango held at Sehitwa Ngamiland, on the 25th to 26th August, 1979’, n.d. mimeographed.

^{page 404 note 4} Botswana People's Party, Central Committee, ‘Botswana People's Party (The Van Gurd [sic] of Botswana's Revolution) Party's Ideological Concept’ (Francistown, n.d.), B.N.A. Unit BNB 1948, pp. 1–3.

^{page 405 note 1} Wiseman, op. cit. p. 186.

^{page 405 note 2} Republic of Botswana, Law Reports, 1974–75 (Gaborone, 1975), ‘State vs Ozias Lebuku’, p. 47.Google Scholar

^{page 405 note 3} Anonymous, ‘The Botswana Democratic Government's Tyranny is Mounting Up’ (n.p., n.d.).

^{page 406 note 1} Koma, Kenneth, The Second Phase of the African Revolution Has Now Begun (n.p., 1980?), pp. 12–14.Google Scholar

^{page 406 note 2} Pamphlet No. 1, pp. 1 and 8.

^{page 406 note 3} Ibid. pp. 28–9.

^{page 407 note 1} Bechuanaland Independence Conference, 1966, ‘Reasons for Rejection in Principle of the Bechuanaland Government's Proposals for Amending the 1965 Constitution’, 14 Addendum, 16 February 1966.

^{page 407 note 2} See Proctor, J. Harris, ‘The House of Chiefs and the Political Development of Botswana’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies (Cambridge), 6, 1, 05 1968, pp. 59–79Google Scholar, and Jones, David S., ‘Traditional Authority and State Administration in Botswana’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies 21, 1, 03 1983, pp. 133–9.Google Scholar

^{page 408 note 1} Puo Phaa! Straight Talk: the official organ of the Botswana National Front (Mahalapye, n.d.), pp. 1–3.Google Scholar

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^{page 408 note 3} Botswana National Front, ‘General Socio-Economic Policy’ (n.p., 1979?).

^{page 409 note 1} Botswana National Front Manifesto (n.p., n.d.), pp. 1–5.

^{page 409 note 1} Pamphlet No. 1, p. 19.

^{page 409 note 3} Republic of Botswana, Laws of Botswana, Electoral Act, 1968, ch. 02:07.

^{page 409 note 4} Republic of Botswana, National Assembly, Official Report (Hansard 42) Third Session (Second Parliament), Fourth Meeting Sitting from 23rd to 27th October, 1972 (Gaborone, 1972), pp. 4–27.Google Scholar

^{page 410 note 1} Bechuanaland Protectorate, Report of the Delimitation Commission Appointed in Pursuance of Section 3 of the Bechuanaland (Electoral Provisions) Order 1964.

^{page 410 note 2} Republic of Botswana, Delimitation Commission, 1972 (Gaborone, n.d.).Google Scholar

^{page 411 note 1} Ibid. Appendix IIA.

^{page 412 note 1} See Winstanley, George (Chief Electoral Officer), ‘The Bechuanaland General Election 1965 – Ballot Envelopes and Voting Counters’, B.N.A. Unit No. SM94, mimeographed, 1965.Google Scholar A greatly condensed version of this report is to be found in Winstanley, ‘A Note on the Practical Use of the French Voting System in the First Bechuanaland Elections’, in Journal of Administration Overseas (London), 5, 2, 04 1966, pp. 112–14.Google Scholar

^{page 412 note 2} Republic of Botswana, Report to the Minister of State on the General Elections, 1974 (Gaborone, n.d.), paras. 29–30.Google Scholar

^{page 413 note 1} Republic of Botswana, Report to the Minister of Public Service and Information on the General Elections, 1979 (Gaborone, n.d.), para 18.Google Scholar

^{page 413 note 2} Compiled from Republic of Botswana, Government Notice No. 498 of 1979.

^{page 413 note 3} Kerven, Carol, Botswana Mine Labour Migration to South Africa. National Migration Study Issue, Paper No. 3 (Gaborone, 1980), Table 13, p. 49.Google Scholar

^{page 414 note 1} Frank, Lawrence, ‘Khama and Jonathan: leadership strategies in contemporary Southern Africa’, in The Journal of Developing Areas (Macomb, Ill.), 15, 01 1981, p. 197.Google Scholar

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^{page 417 note 1} Picard, Louis A., ‘Crisis and Containment: political control and the limits of nationalism in post-war Bechuanaland’, History Seminar, University College, Gaborone, 02 1981, p. 27.Google Scholar

^{page 417 note 2} Picard, Louis A.: ‘Independent Botswana: the district administration and political control’, in Journal of African Studies (Washington), 8, 3, 1981, p. 107.Google Scholar

^{page 417 note 3} Picard, ‘Bureaucrats, Elections and Political Control’, p. 1. See ‘Judge Dismisses Giddie Appeal’, in Daily News (Gaborone), 2 09 1980, p. 1.Google ScholarPubMed

^{page 418 note 1} Makgetla, Neva Seidman, ‘Finance and Development: the case of Botswana’, in The Journal of Modern African Studies, 20, 1, 03 1982, pp. 69, 70, and 86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 418 note 2} Holm, John D., ‘Liberal Democracy and Rural Development in Botswana’, in The African Studies Review (Waltham, Mass), 30, 1, 03 1982, p. 86.Google Scholar

^{page 418 note 3} Ibid. p. 84.

^{page 418 note 4} Ibid. pp. 95–7.

^{page 418 note 5} Ibid. p. 84.

^{page 418 note 6} Fortmann, Louise and Roe, Emery, ‘The Water Points Survey’, Ministry of Agriculture, Gaborone, 01 1981, p. xvi.Google Scholar

^{page 421 note 1} Report to the Minister of State on the General Elections, 1974, paras. 17–22.

^{page 424 note 1} Young, Helen, ‘The UBLS Election Research Project, 1974’, in Young, and Cohen, Denis, Voters and Candidates in the 1974 Botswana General Election: two studies on the political and statistical aspects (Gaborone, National Institute for Development and Cultural Research, 07 1979), pp. 57–9.Google Scholar

^{page 424 note 2} Parson, Jack, ‘A Note on the 1974 General Election in Botswana and the UBLS Election Study’, in Botswana Notes and Records (Gaborone), 1975, pp. 76–8.Google Scholar

^{page 424 note 3} Kuper, Adam, Kalahari Village Politics: an African democracy (London, 1970), p. 179.Google Scholar

^{page 424 note 4} ‘Lesedi La Puso: a Radio Learning Group Campaign in Western Botswana’, Boipelego Education Project, Ministry of Education, Gaborone, n.d. p. 7.

^{page 425 note 1} Parson, loc. cit. pp. 76–7.

^{page 427 note 1} Lipton, Michael, Botswana. Employment and Labour Use in Botswana: final report, Vol. 1 (Gaborone, 1978), p. iii.Google Scholar

^{page 428 note 1} On Botswana's relations with South Africa, see Polhemus, James H., ‘Botswana's Role in the Liberation of Southern Africa’, in Picard, (ed.), op. cit.Google Scholar and ‘The Refugee Factor in Botswana’, 6th Annual Conference of the African Studies Association of Australia and the Pacific,Monash,25–27 August 1983.Google Scholar

^{page 429 note 1} Maano, Lentlhabile, ‘Official Car Secret Revealed in House’, in Daily News, 8 12 1982, p. 1.Google Scholar

^{page 429 note 2} ‘Democrats Urged to Pursue the BDP Way’, in ibid. 8 March 1983, p. 1.

^{page 429 note 3} ‘Police and Politics’, in ibid. 21 March 1983, p. 1.

^{page 429 note 4} Alaudin Osman, ‘Mr Examiner to Make Key Witness as He Loses Reports’, in ibid. 29 April 1983, p. 1.

^{page 429 note 5} Bapasi Mphusu, ‘Examiner Suspends Publication’, in ibid. 13 May 1983, p. 1.

^{page 429 note 6} ‘BDP Sweeps in Weekend By-Elections’, in ibid. 16 May 1983, p. 1.