Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T19:04:03.989Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Schizophrenia: A New Approach

(Continued)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2018

H. Osmond  and
A. Hoffer
H. Osmond
Affiliation:
Saskatchewan Hospital, Weyburn, Saskatchewan
A. Hoffer
Affiliation:
Department of Public Health, University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In the April, 1952 issue of this journal, Osmond and Smythies (47) suggested that schizophrenia might be caused by a defect in adrenaline metabolism. They called this hypothetical adrenaline derivative “M-substance” because they endowed it with mescaline-like psychotomimetic qualities but with an effective potency nearer that of adrenaline or even the hugely powerful LSD-25. They showed that mescaline and adrenaline were sufficiently alike chemically for such an intermediate to be at least imaginable. In addition, they emphasized that the mescaline experience and the more acute and dramatic forms of schizophrenia have many similarities. They hoped that researchers would hunt diligently for our M-substance.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Journal of Mental Science , Volume 105 , Issue 440 , July 1959 , pp. 653 - 673
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1959 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. Abood, L., Conference on Biochemistry and Mental Illness, U.B.C., Vancouver, 1957.Google Scholar
2. Idem, Brain Research Foundation, New York, 1958.Google Scholar
3. Altschul, R., Hoffer, A., and Stephen, J. D., Arch. Biochem. and Biophysics., 1955, 54, 558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Idem , J.A.M.A., 1958, 166, 822.Google Scholar
5. Idem and Hoffer, A., Arch. Biochem. and Biophysics., 1958, 73, 420.Google Scholar
6. Idem , Zeit, fur Kreislaufforschung, 1955, 45, 573.Google Scholar
7. Armstrong, M. D., and McMillan, A., Fed. Proc., 1957, 16, 146.Google Scholar
8. Axelrod, J., Science, 1957, 126, 400.Google Scholar
9. Bercel, N. A., 1958. To be published.Google Scholar
10. Crookes, T. G., Brit. J. Med. Psychol., 1957, 30, 99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. Eade, N. R., Thesis, Graduate School, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, 1954.Google Scholar
12. Ehrentheil, O. F., Arch. Neur. Psychiatry, 1957, 77, 178.Google Scholar
13. Elmadjian, F., and Hope, J. M., American Psychiatric Association Meeting, 1957.Google Scholar
14. Fabing, H. D., Kropa, E. L., and Hawkins, J. R., Fed. Proc., 1956, 15, 421.Google Scholar
15. Fedoroff, S., J. Lab. Clin. Invest., 1956, 48, 55.Google Scholar
16. Idem and Hoffer, A., J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 1956, 124, 396.Google Scholar
17. Gaddum, J. H., Krivoy, W. A., and Laverty, G., J. Neurochem., 1958, 2, 249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18. Harley-Mason, J., Laird, A. M., and Smythies, J. R., Second International Congress Psychiatry, Zurich, 1957.Google Scholar
19. Heacock, R. A., Private communication, 1958.Google Scholar
20. Idem , Nerenberg, C., and Payza, A. N., Canad. J. Chem., 1958, 36, 853.Google Scholar
21. Heath, R. G., Brain Research Foundation, New York, 1958.Google Scholar
22. Idem and Leach, B. E., Changing Concepts in Psychoanalytic Medicine, 1956. New York: Grune and Stratton.Google Scholar
23. Idem , Martens, S., Leach, B. E., Cohen, M., and Angel, C., Amer. J. Psychiatry, 1957, 114, 14.Google Scholar
24. Idem , Leach, B. E., Byers, L. W., Martens, S., and Feigley, C. A., ibid., 1958, 114, 683.Google Scholar
25. Hoff, H., Second International Congress Psychiatry, Zurich, 1957.Google Scholar
26. Hoffer, A., Arch. Neur. Psychiatry, 1954, 71, 80.Google Scholar
27. Idem , Tranquilizing Drugs, 1957. Washington, D.C.: Amer. Assoc. Advancement Science, Publ. No. 46.Google Scholar
28. Idem , Psychotropic Drugs, 1957. New York: Elsevier Pub. Co.Google Scholar
29. Idem, Brain Research Foundation, New York, 1958.Google Scholar
30. Idem and Callbeck, M. J., J. Ment. Sci., 1957, 103, 811.Google Scholar
31. Idem and Osmond, H., J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 1955, 122, 448.Google Scholar
32. Idem. Personal Observations, 1958.Google Scholar
33. Iidem and Smythies, J., J. Ment. Sci., 1954, 100, 29.Google Scholar
34. Iidem , Callbeck, M. J., and Kahan, I., J. Clin. Exp. Psychopath., 1957, 18, 131.Google Scholar
35. Idem and Payza, A. N., American Psychiatric Association Meeting, San Francisco, 1958.Google Scholar
36. Hutcheon, D. E., Lowenthal, J., and Eade, N. R., Acta Int. Pharmacodyn., 1956, 106, 90.Google Scholar
37. Kluver, H., Personal communication, 1957.Google Scholar
38. Lea, A. J., J. Ment. Sci., 1955, 101, 538.Google Scholar
39. Lewin, L., Phantastica: Narcotic and Stimulating Drugs: Their Use and Abuse, 1931. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner and Co.Google Scholar
40. Lhamon, T. W., and Goldstone, S., Arch. Neur. Psychiatry, 1956, 17, 625.Google Scholar
41. Lucy, J. D., ibid., 1954, 71, 629.Google Scholar
42. Lund, A., Acta pharmacol. et toxicol., 1949, 5, 75.Google Scholar
43. Macht, D. T., and Kiernen, D., Fed. Proc., 1956, 15, 123.Google Scholar
44. McGeer, P. L., McNair, F. E., McGeer, E. G., and Gibson, W. C., J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 1957, 125, 166.Google Scholar
45. Melander, B., Personal communication, 1957.Google Scholar
46. Osmond, H., and Hoffer, A., J. Ment. Sci., 1958, 104, 302.Google Scholar
47. Idem and Smythies, J., ibid., 1952, 98, 309.Google Scholar
48. Ostfeld, A. M., Abood, L. G., and Marcus, D. A., Arch. Neur. Psychiatry, 1958, 79, 317.Google Scholar
49. Parsons, W. B., Achor, R. W. P., Berge, K. G., McKenzie, B. F., and Barker, N. W. Proc. Staff Meet., Mayo Clinic, 1956, 31, 377.Google Scholar
50. Payza, A. N., and Hoffer, A., Personal observation, 1958.Google Scholar
51. Idem and Mahon, M., 1958. In press.Google Scholar
52. Pennes, H. H., and Hoch, P. H., Amer. J. Psychiatry, 1957, 113, 887.Google Scholar
53. Peretz, D. I., Smythies, J. R., and Gibson, W. C., J. Ment. Sci., 1955, 101, 317.Google Scholar
54. Popper, K., The Poverty of Historicism, 1958. London: Routledge, Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
55. Raush, H. L., J. Person., 1951, 46, 131.Google Scholar
56. Idem , J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., 1956, 53, 2.Google Scholar
57. Reznick, O., Wolfe, J., Freeman, H., and Elmadjian, F., Science, 1958, 127, 1116.Google Scholar
58. Rice, W. B., and McColl, J. D., Proc. Canad. Physiol. Soc., 1957, p. 47.Google Scholar
59. Rieder, H. P., Psychiatrie et Neurologia, 1957, 134, 378.Google Scholar
60. Rinkel, M., Hyde, R. W., and Solomon, H. C., Dis. Nerv. Syst., 1954, 15, 259.Google Scholar
61. Schneider, J. A., and Sigg, E. B., Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 1957, 66, 765.Google Scholar
62. Schwarz, B. E., Wakim, K. G., Bickford, R. G., and Lichtenheld, F. R., Arch. Neur. Psychiatry, 1956, 75, 83.Google Scholar
63. Smythies, J., Personal observation, 1958.Google Scholar
64. Schwarzenbach, F., Second International Congress Psychiatry, Zurich, 1957.Google Scholar
65. Sherwood, W. K., J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 1957, 125, 490.Google Scholar
66. Streifler, M., Second International Congress Psychiatry, Zurich, 1957.Google Scholar
67. Szara, S., Psychotropic Drugs, 1957. New York: Elsevier Pub. Co.Google Scholar
68. Taubmann, G. von and Jantz, H., Der Nervenarzt., 1957, 20, 485.Google Scholar
69. Thompson, R. H. S., Tickner, A., and Webster, G. R., Brit. J. Pharm., 1955, 10, 61.Google Scholar
70. Weckowicz, T. E., and Hall, R., J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 1957, 125, 452.Google Scholar
71. Idem , J. Ment. Sci., 1957, 103, 432.Google Scholar
72. Idem, Sommers, R., and Hall, R., Personal observation, 1958.Google Scholar
73. Winter, C. A., Conference Biochemistry and Mental Illness, U.B.C., Vancouver, 1957.Google Scholar
74. Idem , Personal communication, 1957.Google Scholar
75. Witt, P., Helv. Physiol. Acta, 1954, 12, 327.Google Scholar
76. Wojcicki, H., and Hoffer, A., Personal observation, 1957.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.