Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-18T12:19:29.961Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Review of Stress Reactivity Research in Relation to Psychopathology and Psychopathic Behaviour Disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 February 2018

J. E. Tong  and
I. C. Murphy
J. E. Tong
Affiliation:
Rampton Hospital, Retford, Notts
I. C. Murphy
Affiliation:
Rampton Hospital, Retford, Notts
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In a series of papers concerned with the problems of repeated psychopathic and delinquent behaviour, use has been made of a loose theory which interprets the social behaviour or habit as being a particular learned response to stress, anxiety or emotional disturbance, or to stressor stimuli not necessarily activating physiological stress (190-200). This theoretical position was adopted on account of its relative simplicity, its similarity to many clinical theories, and its ease of access for laboratory and operational studies. In a mainly adult hospital setting, the area chosen for research has been the differentiation of stable and unstable patients, the determination of methods which allow for accurate prognosis of future stability or instability and the form which future instability might take. The objective also contains the assumption that an explanation of instability should be in a form which permits therapeutic endeavour or at least indicates some basic principles for therapy to adopt, and utilizes variables which change as the patient changes.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Journal of Mental Science , Volume 106 , Issue 445 , October 1960 , pp. 1273 - 1295
Copyright
Copyright © Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1960 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Aichorn, A., Wayward Youth, 1925. London: Imago.Google Scholar
2 Altschule, M. D., Bodily Physiology in Mental and Emotional Disorders, 1953. New York: Grune ' Stratton.Google Scholar
3 Anthony, S., Nature, 1959, 183, 343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4 Applezweig, M. H., Psychological Stress and Related Concepts: A Bibliography, 1957. New London, Conn.: Connecticut College.Google Scholar
5 Arnold, M. B., Psychol. Rev., 1945, 52, 35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6 Ax, A. F., Psychosom. Med., 1953, 15, 433.Google Scholar
7 Bartholemew, A. A., Brit. J. Delinq., 1959, 10, 120.Google Scholar
8 Bartlett, F., Brit. J. Indus. Med., 1951, 8, 209.Google Scholar
9 Basowitz, H., Persky, H., Korchin, S. J., and Grinker, R. R., Anxiety and Stress, 1955. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
10 Bassett, M., and Ross Ashby, W., J. Ment. Sci., 1954, 100, 632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11 Beach, F. A., Hormones and Behavior, 1948. New York: Hoeber.Google Scholar
12 Idem , “Neural and Chemical Regulation of Behavior in Biological and Biochemical Bases of Behavior (ed. Harlow, H. F., and Woolsey, C. N.), 1958. Madison: Wisconsin University Press.Google Scholar
13 Benson, G., Brit. J. Deling., 1953, 3, 198.Google Scholar
14 Idem , ibid., 1954, 5, 138.Google Scholar
15 Benson, A. J., and Dearnaley, E. J., F.P.R.C. 1089, Air Ministry, 1959.Google Scholar
16 Idem , F.P.R.C. 1092, Air Ministry, 1959.Google Scholar
17 Berlyne, D. E., Psychol. Rev., 1951, 38, 137.Google Scholar
18 Bexton, W. H., Heron, W., and Scott, T. H., Canad. J. Psychol., 1954, 8, 70.Google Scholar
19 Bindra, D., Canad. J. Psychol., 1959, 13, 135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20 Idem , and Cameron, L., J. Exp. Psychol., 1953, 45, 197.Google Scholar
21 Idem , Paterson, A. L., and Strzelecki, J., Canad. J. Psychol., 1955, 9, 1.Google Scholar
22 Blake, R. R., and Mouton, J. S., “Personality in Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 10 (ed. Farnsworth, P. R., and McNemar, Q.), 1959. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews.Google Scholar
23 Bovard, E. W., Psychol. Rev., 1959, 66, 267.Google Scholar
24 Bowman, K. M., Int. Rev. Crim. Pol., 1953, 4, 20.Google Scholar
25 Boyd, P. S., and Valentine, M., Brit. J. Med. Psychol., 1953, 26, 58.Google Scholar
26 Broadbent, D. E., Brit. J. Psychol., 1953, 44, 295.Google Scholar
27 Burt, C. The Young Delinquent, 1944. London: University Press.Google Scholar
28 Callaway, E., and Thompson, S. V., Psychosom. Med., 1953, 15, 5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29 Cameron, D. E., Canad. Med. Assoc. J., 1948, 59, 307.Google Scholar
30 Cannon, W. B., Bodily Changes in Pain, Hunger, Fear and Rage, 1929 (2nd edition). London: Appleton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31 Idem , The Wisdom of the Body, 1932. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
32 Chalke, F. C. R. (ed.), “McGill University Conference on Depression and Allied State”: Canad. Psychiat. Assoc. J., Vol. 4: Special Supplement, 1959.Google Scholar
33 Clark, J. W., and Bindra, D., Canad. J. Psychol., 1956, 10, 69.Google Scholar
34 Clarke, A. D. B., Brit. J. Psychol., 1955, 46, 38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35 Cofer, C. N., “Motivation in Annual Review of Psychology, Vol. 10 (ed. Farnsworth, P. R., and McNemar, Q.). Palo Alto: Annual Reviews.Google Scholar
36 Conrad, R., Brit. J. Indus. Med., 1951, 8, 1.Google Scholar
37 Cox, F. N., Austral. J. Psychol., 1956, 8, 20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38 Davis, D. R., Pilot Error, 1948. London: H.M.S.O. Google Scholar
39 Idem , Brit. J. Med. Psychol., 1954, 27, 216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40 Idem , “The Psychologist and Experimental Stress in Man in The Nature of Stress Disorder (Society for Psychosomatic Research), 1958. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
41 Dearnaley, E. J., F.R.P.C. Memo 125, Air Ministry, 1959.Google Scholar
42 Doane, B. K., Mahatoo, W., Heron, W., and Scott, T. H., Canad. J. Psychol., 1959, 13, 210.Google Scholar
43 Dreyfuss, F., and Feldman, S., Acta. Med. Scand., 1952, 144, 107.Google Scholar
44 East, N., Society and the Criminal, 1949. London: H.M.S.O. Google Scholar
45 Idem , “Delinquency and Crime, in Recent Progress in Psychiatry Vol. II (ed. Fleming, G. W. T. H.), 1950. London.Google Scholar
46 Eccles, J. C., The Neurophysiological Basis of Mind, 1953. Oxford: Clarendon.Google Scholar
47 Eltthorn, A., Piercy, M. F., and Crosskey, M., J. Neurol., Neurosurg. and Psychiat., 1955, 18, 34.Google Scholar
48 Elliott, D. N., and Singer, D. S., J. Exp. Psychol., 1953, 45, 429.Google Scholar
49 Eysenck, H. J., Dimensions of Personality, 1947. London: Routledge ' Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
50 Idem, H. J., The Scientific Study of Personality, 1952. London: Routledge ' Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
51 Idem , J. Abnorm. and Soc. Psychol., 1955, 51, 94.Google Scholar
52 Idem , J. Ment. Sci., 1955, 101, 28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53 Idem , Dynamics of Anxiety and Hysteria, 1957. London: Routledge ' Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
54 Idem , J. Ment. Sci., 1959, 105, 61.Google Scholar
55 Farber, I. E., J. Exp. Psychol., 1949, 38, 111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
56 Fenichel, O., The Psychoanalytic Theory of the Neuroses, 1945. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
57 Fischer, R., and Agnew, N., J. Ment. Sci., 1955, 101, 383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
58 Idem , ibid., 1957, 103, 858.Google Scholar
59 Foulds, G. A., Brit. J. Psychol., 1951, 42, 209.Google Scholar
60 Idem , ibid., 1952, 43, 33.Google Scholar
61 Franks, C. M., Brit. J. Delinq., 1956, 6, 192.Google Scholar
62 Idem , J. Abnorm. and Soc. Psychol., 1956, 52, 143.Google Scholar
63 Freeman, G. L., and Pathman, J. H., J. Exper. Psychol., 1940, 30, 161.Google Scholar
64 Freud, S., Three Contributions to the Theory of Sex, 1910. New York: N.M.D. Publication.Google Scholar
65 Idem , Foreword to Aichorn, 1925.Google Scholar
66 Friedlander, K., The Psycho-Analytic Approach to Juvenile Delinquency, 1947. London: Kegan Paul, Trench ' Trubner.Google Scholar
67 Funkenstein, D. H., King, S. H., and Drolette, M., The Mastery of Stress, 1957. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
68 Garst, J. B., and Stobin, E. K., A.M.A. Arch. Neurol. and Psychiat., 1955, 74, 125.Google Scholar
69 Gellhorn, E., Physiological Foundations of Neurology and Psychiatry, 1953. Minneapolis University Press.Google Scholar
70 Idem , Autonomic Imbalance and the Hypothalamus: Implications for Physiology, Medicine, Psychology and Neuropsychiatry, 1957. Minneapolis: Minneapolis University Press.Google Scholar
71 Glickstein, M., A.M.A. Archiv. Gener. Psychiat., 1960, 2, 12.Google Scholar
72 Glueck, E., Brit. J. Delinq., 1952. 2, 275.Google Scholar
73 Glueck, S., and Glueck, E., Unravelling Juvenile Delinquency, 1950. New York: The Commonwealth Fund.Google Scholar
74 Goldman-Eisler, F., Brit. J. Psychol., 1955, 46, 53.Google Scholar
75 Idem , J. Ment. Sci., 1956, 102, 78.Google Scholar
76 Gordon, W. M., and Berlyne, D. E., Quart. J. Exp. Psychol., 1954, 6, 181.Google Scholar
77 Granger, G. W., J. Ment. Sci., 1953, 99, 8.Google Scholar
78 Grieve, D. W., New Scientist, 1959, 5, 1022.Google Scholar
79 Haggard, E. A., J. Exp. Psychol., 1945, 35, 46.Google Scholar
80 Idem , J. Exp. Psychol., 1949, 39, 378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
81 Idem , and Freeman, G. L., Psychol. Bull., 1941, 38, 581.Google Scholar
82 Hall, K. R. L., Brit. J. Psychol., 1953, 44, 279.Google Scholar
83 Idem , Quart. J. Exp. Psychol., 1955, 7, 74.Google Scholar
84 Idem , and Crookes, T. G., J. Ment. Sci., 1952, 98, 273.Google Scholar
85 Idem , and Stride, E., Brit. J. Med. Psychol., 1954, 27, 48.Google Scholar
86 Idem , J. Ment. Sci., 1954, 100, 462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
87 Hardy, J. D., Wolff, H. G., and Goodell, H., Pain Sensations and Reactions, 1952. Baltimore: Williams ' Wilkins.Google Scholar
88 Healy, W., The Individual Delinquent, 1915. Boston.Google Scholar
89 Idem , and Bronner, A. F., New Light on Delinquency and its Treatment, 1936. London.Google Scholar
90 Hebb, D. O., The Organization of Behavior, 1949. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
91 Idem , “Alice in Wonderland, or Psychology Among the Biological Sciences, in Biological and Biochemical Bases of Behavior (ed. Harlow, H. F., and Woolsey, C. N.), 1958. Madison: Wisconsin University Press.Google Scholar
92 Heilbrun, A. B., J. Person., 1959, 27, 285.Google Scholar
93 Hemphill, R. E., Hall, K. R. L., and Crookes, T. G., J. Ment. Sci., 1952, 98, 433.Google Scholar
94 Heron, W., Doane, B. K., and Scott, T. H., J. Canad. Psychol., 1956, 10, 13.Google Scholar
95 Hilgard, E., Theories of Learning, 1956 (2nd Edition). New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.Google Scholar
96 Hollitscher, W., Sigmund Freud: An Introduction, 1947. London: Kegan Paul, Trench ' Trubner.Google Scholar
97 Hull, C. L., The Principles of Behavior, 1943. New York: Appleton Century.Google Scholar
98 Idem , A Behavior System, 1952. New York: New Haven: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
99 Innes, G., Millar, W. M., and Valentine, M., J. Ment. Sci., 1959, 105, 840.Google Scholar
100 Ivanov-Smolensky, J. G., Essays on the Patho-physiology of the Higher Nervous Activity. Moscow: U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences.Google Scholar
101 Jacobsen, E., Kehlet, H., Larsen, V., Munkvad, I., and Skinhoj, K., Acta. Psychiat. et Neurol. Scand., 1955, 30, 607.Google Scholar
102 Idem , ibid., 627.Google Scholar
103 Jasper, H., E.E.G. Clin. Neurophysiol., 1949, 1, 405.Google Scholar
104 Idem , “Reticular-Cortical Systems and Theories of the Integrative Action of the Brain in Biological and Biochemical Bases of Behavior (ed. Harlow, H. F., and Woolsey, C. N.), 1958. Madison: Wisconsin University Press.Google Scholar
105 Jones, L. C. T., Quart. J. Exp. Psychol., 1954, 6, 12.Google Scholar
106 Kamin, L. J., J. Abnorm. and Soc. Psychol., 1955, 51, 595.Google Scholar
107 Idem , Bindra, D., Clark, J. W., and Waksberg, H., Canad. J. Psychol., 1955, 9, 79.Google Scholar
108 Kay, B., Brit. J. Delinq., 1954, 4, 245.Google Scholar
109 Knopfelmacher, F., Quart. J. Exp. Psychol., 1953, 5, 108.Google Scholar
110 Idem , ibid., 1953, 5, 150.Google Scholar
111 Kohn, H., J. Genet. Psychol., 1954, 85, 289.Google Scholar
112 Korchin, S. J., and Basowitz, H., J. Psychol., 1954, 38, 495.Google Scholar
113 Lacey, J. I., Ann. New York, Acad. Sci., 1956, 67, 123.Google Scholar
114 Idem , Bateman, D. E., and Vanlehn, R., Psychosom. Med., 1952, 14, 256.Google Scholar
115 Iidem , ibid., 1953, 15, 8.Google Scholar
116 Idem and Green, A., ibid., 1955, 17, 208.Google Scholar
117 Idem and Lacey, B. C., Amer. J. Psychol., 1958, 71, 50.Google Scholar
118 Iidem , “The Relationship of Resting Autonomic Activity to Motor Impulsivity, in The Brain and Human Behavior, 1958, Chap. 5. Baltimore: Williams ' Wilkins.Google Scholar
119 Idem and Smith, R. L., Science, 1954, 120, 1045.Google Scholar
120 Lacey, O. L., and Siegel, P. S., J. Exp. Psychol., 1949, 39, 122.Google Scholar
121 Lazarus, R. S., and Baker, R. W., “Psychology, in Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry (ed., Spiegel, E. A.), 1956, 11, 253.Google Scholar
122 Iidem , Broverman, D. M., and Mayer, J., J. Pers., 1957, 25, 559.Google Scholar
123 Lovett Doust, J. W., and Schneider, R. A., Canad. J. Psychol., 1955, 9, 67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
124 Luria, A. R., The Nature of Human Conflicts, 1932. New York: Liveright.Google Scholar
125 Lykken, D. T., J. Abnorm. and Soc. Psychol., 1957, 55, 6.Google Scholar
126 Macdonald, J. E., J. Ment. Sci., 1955, 101, 704.Google Scholar
127 Magoun, H. W., “Non-Specific Brain Mechanisms in Biological and Biochemical Bases of Behavior (ed., Harlow, H. F. and Woolsey, C. N.), 1958. Madison: Wisconsin University Press.Google Scholar
128 Idem , Waking Brain, 1958. New York: Thomas; Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
129 Maier, N. R. F., Frustration: A Study of Behaviour Without a Goal, 1949. London: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
130 Idem and Ellen, P., Psychol. Rev., 1951, 58, 435.Google Scholar
131 Malmo, R. B., Science, 1948, 108, 509.Google Scholar
132 Idem , “Experimental Studies of Mental Patients under Stress, in Feelings and Emotions (ed. Reymert, M. L.), 1950. New York: McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
133 Idem , Psychol. Rev., 1957, 64, 276.Google Scholar
134 Idem , ibid., 1959, 66, 367.Google Scholar
135 Idem and Davis, J. F., Canad. J. Psychol., 1956, 10, 231.Google Scholar
136 Idem and Shagass, C., Psychosom. Med., 1949, 11, 9.Google Scholar
137 Iidem , ibid., 1949, 11, 25.Google Scholar
138 Iidem and Davis, J. F., J. Clin. Exp. Psychopath., 1951, 12, 45.Google Scholar
139 Iidem and Smith, A. A., J. Pers., 1951, 19, 359.Google Scholar
140 Idem , and Smith, A. A., ibid., 1955, 23, 391.Google Scholar
141 Idem and Wallerstein, H., J. Abnorm. Soc. Psychol., 1955, 50, 345.Google Scholar
142 Mannheim, H., and Wilkins, L. T., Prediction Methods in Relation to Borstal Training, 1955. London: H.M.S.O. Google Scholar
143 Marcus, B., Brit. J. Delinq., 1955, 6, 147.Google Scholar
144 Martin, I., J. Ment. Sci., 1960, 106, 281.Google Scholar
145 Marquart, D. I., J. Genet. Psychol., 1948, 39, 107.Google Scholar
146 Marx, M. H., “Some Relations between Frustration and Drive, in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (ed. Jones, M. R.), 1956. Lincoln: Nebraska University Press.Google Scholar
147 Masserman, J. H., Behavior and Neurosis, 1943. Chicago: University Press.Google Scholar
148 McCord, W., and McCord, J., Psychopathy and Delinquency, 1956. New York: Grune ' Stratton.Google Scholar
149 Mendelson, J., Kubzansky, P., Leiderman, P. H., Wexler, D., DuToit, C., and Solomon, P., A.M.A. Archiv. Gener. Psychiat., 1960, 2, 147.Google Scholar
150 Miller, D. R., and Swanson, G. E., “The Study of Conflict, in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (ed. Jones, M. R.), 1956. Lincoln: Nebraska University Press.Google Scholar
151 Miller, N. E., “Learnable Drives and Rewards, in Handbook of Experimental Psychology (ed. Stevens, S. S.), 1951. New York: Wiley.Google Scholar
152 Montague, E. K., J. Exp. Psychol., 1953, 45, 91.Google Scholar
153 Moruzzi, G., and Magoun, H. W., EEG Clin. Neurophysiol., 1949, 1, 455.Google Scholar
154 Mowrer, O. H., Learning Theory and Personality Dynamics, 1950. New York: Ronald.Google Scholar
155 Murphy, C. W., Gofton, J. P., and Cleghorn, R. A., J. Aviat. Med., 1954, 25, 242.Google Scholar
156 Ogden, D. A., Brit. J. Delinq., 1954, 5, 99.Google Scholar
157 Oswald, I., J. Ment. Sci., 1959, 105, 269.Google Scholar
158 Paintal, A. S., J. Exp. Psychol., 1951, 41, 425.Google Scholar
159 Piercy, M., Eltthorn, A., Pratt, R. T. C., and Crosskey, M., J. Neurol. Neurosurg. and Psychiat., 1955, 18, 155.Google Scholar
160 Postman, L., and Bruner, J. S., Psychol. Rev., 1948, 55, 314.Google Scholar
161 Radzinowicz, L., Sexual Offenders, 1957. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
162 Renbourn, E. T., Phipps, L. W., and Stokes, A. W., Trials of the Combat Suit in a Temperate Climate, Report No. 1, 1949. Ministry of Supply.Google Scholar
163 Idem and Taylor, P. F., Body Temperature Studies. Part II: Rectal and Oral as Indices of Internal Temperatures. Report No. 53, 1956. Ministry of Supply.Google Scholar
164 Rich, J., Lancet, 1956, 496.Google Scholar
165 Robin, A. A., Brit. J. Delinq., 1957, 8, 139.Google Scholar
166 Rosvold, H. E., “Physiological Psychology, in Annual Review of Psychology (ed. Farnsworth, P. R. and McNemar, Q.). Vol. 10. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews.Google Scholar
167 Rothlin, E., and Berde, B., “The Structure and Function of the Autonomic Nervous System” translated from Aerztl. Monatsh., 1949-53, 5, 865.Google Scholar
168 Rudolph, G. D. M., J. Ment. Sci., 1955, 101, 895.Google Scholar
169 Russell, R. W., and Steinberg, H., Quart. J. Exp. Psychol., 1955, 7, 67.Google Scholar
170 Sampson, H., and Bindra, D., J. Abnorm. and Soc. Psychol., 1954, 49, 256.Google Scholar
171 Sands, H. C., and Bartler, F. C., J. Clin. Endocrin., 1952, 12, 178.Google Scholar
172 Schaffer, H. R., Psychol. Rev., 1954, 61, 323.Google Scholar
173 Schenker, V., and Schenker, A. C., J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 1959, 128, 520.Google Scholar
174 Scott, T. H., Bexton, W. H., Heron, W., and Doane, B. K., Canad. J. Psychol., 1959, 13, 200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
175 Selye, H., The Practitioner, 1954, 172, 1027.Google Scholar
176 Seward, J. P., “A Neurological Approach to Motivation, in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (ed. Jones, M. R.), 1956. Lincoln: Nebraska University Press.Google Scholar
177 Simpson, H. W., Eosinophils and Stress: Field Studies in Antarctica, 1959. M.D. Thesis, University of Edinburgh Library.Google Scholar
178 Simpson, H., New Scientist, 1959, 6, 927.Google Scholar
179 Skinner, B. F., Behavior of Organisms, 1938. New York: Appleton Century.Google Scholar
180 Soloman, R. L., and Brush, E. L., “Experimentally Derived Conceptions of Anxiety and Aversion, in Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (ed. Jones, M. R.), 1956. Lincoln: Nebraska University Press.Google Scholar
181 Idem and Wynne, L. C., Psychol. Rev., 1954, 61, 353.Google Scholar
182 Spence, K. W., and Taylor, J. A., J. Exp. Psychol., 1953, 45, 265.Google Scholar
183 Stengel, E., Oldham, A. J., and Ehrenberg, A. S. C., J. Ment. Sci., 1955, 101, 52.Google Scholar
184 Iidem , ibid., 1958, 104, 434.Google Scholar
185 Stott, D. H., Delinquency and Human Nature, 1950. Dunfermline: Carnegie Trust.Google Scholar
186 Stroop, J. R., J. Exp. Psychol., 1935, 18, 643.Google Scholar
187 Sturup, G. K., Int. Rev. Crim. Pol., 1953, 4, 1.Google Scholar
188 Taylor, J. A., J. Exp. Psychol., 1951, 41, 81.Google Scholar
189 Tizard, J., Lancet, 1958, 1325.Google Scholar
190 Tong, J. E., Brit. J. Deling., 1955, 5, 304.Google Scholar
191 Idem , Brit. J. Psychol, 1957, 48, 13.Google Scholar
192 Idem , Psychometric Res. Bull., II, 1958.Google Scholar
193 Idem , Bull. Brit. Psych. Soc., 1959, 37, 6a.Google Scholar
194 Idem , ibid., 1959, 37, 36.Google Scholar
195 Idem , J. Ment. Sci., 1959, 105, 935.Google Scholar
196 Idem , Stress Reactivity in Relation to Prognosis in Psychopathy. Proceedings of the London Conference on Mental Deficiency Research, 1960.Google Scholar
197 Idem , “G.S.R. Studies of Sex Responsiveness in Sex Offenders and Others”, J. Ment. Sci., 1960, 106.Google Scholar
198 Idem and Mackay, G. W., Brit. J. Delinq., 1959, 9, 276.Google Scholar
199 Idem and Murphy, I. C., J. Clin. Psychol., 1960, 16, 3, 324.Google Scholar
200 Iidem and Adams, F., “Preliminary Psychomotor Stress Studies with Subnormal Psychopathic Subjects”. Nature, 1960, 4732, 172.Google Scholar
201 Venables, P. H., Brit. J. Psychol., 1955, 46, 101.Google Scholar
202 Idem , J. Gener. Psychol., 1956, 55, 199.Google Scholar
203 Vogel, W., Baker, R. W., and Lazarus, R. S., J. Abnorm. and Soc. Psychol., 1958, 56, 105.Google Scholar
204 Idem , Raymond, S., and Lazarus, R. S., ibid., 1959, 58, 225.Google Scholar
205 Wase, A. W., and Christensen, J., A.M.A. Arch. Gener. Psychiat., 1960, 2, 171.Google Scholar
206 Weckowicz, T. E., Psychosom. Med., 1958, 20, 66.Google Scholar
207 Wolff, H. G. (ed.), “Life Stress and Bodily Disease” A. Res. Nerv. and Ment. Dis. Proc. 1950. Baltimore: Williams ' Wilkins.Google Scholar
208 Wolff, H. G., and Wolff, S., Rev. Gastroenterol., 1947, 14, 419.Google Scholar
209 Woodward, M., Brit. J. Delinq., 1955, 5, 281.Google Scholar
210 Woodworth, R. S., and Schlosberg, H., Experimental Psychology, 1955. 3rd Edition. London: Methuen.Google Scholar
211 Wootton, B., Social Science and Social Pathology, 1959. London: Allen ' Unwin.Google Scholar
212 Wright, S., Applied Physiology, 1952. 9th Edition. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.