∗ Dr. Cobbold has lately shown [“British Medical Journal,” January 28, 1871, p. 100] how utterly untrustworthy are veterinarians and butchers in matters passing daily under their notice; in those relating, for instance, to the entozoic diseases of meat, v.Google Scholar

† Blaine was himself bred to the medical profession; a circumstance that gives the greater weight or importance to his observations on the mental disorders of animals.Google Scholar

‡ “Canine Pathology,” 1817, p. 76.Google Scholar

∗ (e. g.) Professor Aitken in his “Scienoe and Practice of Medicine;” 4th ed., 1866, Vol. i., p. 679.Google Scholar

† Jesse's “Anecdotes of Dogs,” 1867, p. 74.Google Scholar

‡ There is much confusion in the use of the terms rabies and hydrophobia by different writers-medical or veterinary. By some, the first is restricted to animals the second to man; while, by others, they are used indiscriminately and synonymously. Professor Aitken, in his “Science and Practice of Medicine” (Vol. i., p. 67), uses the terms synonymously; while on p. 672 he distinguishes rabies as the disease of the dog, and hydrophobia as that of man. Inasmuch as it is unquestionably the same disease that occurs both in man and the dog, the use of two appellations is not only unnecessary, but mischievous. That which is the most objectionable in its etymology and application is the term hydrophobia, which it would be well, therefore1 henceforth to give up as inappropriate. Some writers (e. g. Sauvages, in 1769) restrict the term to the single symptomdread of water, inability or refusal to iwallow fluids.Google Scholar

§ In Poland, hydrophobia in man appears to be regarded as a form of insanity. At least we are told that “The Lunatic Asylum at Warsaw receives every year a certain number of persons who have been bitten by dogs suspected of being mad, during July and August. The number of these individuals sent there by the authorities on the ground of possible development of hydrophobia amounts sometimes to as many as 20.” (“Med. Times,” Vol. ii. for 1858, p. 486.)Google Scholar

‖ Among symptoms in the sheep [pregnant ewes] are “extraordinary and unnatural Bolaoity, in which the manner, and gesture, and sounds, of the male were closely imitated; followed by unhealthy appetite-swallowing wood, straw, dung, Sco. intense pugnacity and frenzy.” (“Med. Times,” Vol. i. for 1868, p. 616.)Google Scholar

¶ Similar mis-application of the terms rabid and rabidity is not uncommon among medical writers. Thus Prof. Laycock applies the word rabid to the delirium of malignant pustule in animals [“Edin. Med. Journal,” November, 1856, p. 867], and it is frequently in a similar way applied to delirium or mania utterly unconnected with rabies.Google Scholar

∗∗ “Science and Practice of Medicine.” (Op. cit., p. 672.)Google Scholar

∗ By Professor Aitken. (Op. cit., p. 672).Google Scholar

† In a paper on “The Physiology of Mind in the Lower Animals:” “Journal of Mental Science,” April, 1871.Google Scholar

‡ Ina paper on “Insanity in the Lower Animals:” “British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review,” July, 1871.Google Scholar

§ A paper on the “Pathology of Mind in the Lower Animals” as a sequel to that on its Physiology, is in preparation for the “Journal of Mental Science.”Google Scholar

† I have quoted cases of madness in the dogproduced by cold, darkness, and hunger in my paper on “The Causes of Insanity in Arctic Countries:” “Brit, and Foreign Medico-Chir. Review,” January, 1870, pp. 212, 216, 217Google Scholar

‡ “Genesis of Mind :” “Journal of Mental Science,” April, 1862, p. 64.Google Scholar

∗ “Athen um,” Decern. 17, 1870, p. 807.Google Scholar

∗ “Illustrations of the Influenoe of the Mind upon the Body in Health and Disease, with especial reference to the Imagination“Journal of Mental Science,” January, 1871, pp. 589,540.Google Scholar

∗ In the “Gazette des Hôpitaux,” for 1861 (p. 45), the report of a clinical lecture on hydrophobia, by Trousseau, is given, in which he mentions having met with a number of cases 44 simulating this disease, but really arising from mental impressions.” (Quoted in the “Year Book of the New Sydenham Society,” for 1862, p. 221. Vide also “Med. Times,” vol. ii., for 1861, p. 172, which refers to cases “in persons, who had been alarmed, supposing themselves to have been bit by rabid animals.”) Dr. Scriven also reports a case, “which, although not referable to a bite of a dog, closely resembled hydrophobia, and was saved from death by prompt laryngotomy with a penknife.” (“Year Book,” for 1859, p. 441.)Google Scholar

† “Science and Practice of Medicine op. cit.,” p. 677.Google Scholar

‡ Ibid., p. 672.Google Scholar

§ Ibid., p. 682.Google Scholar

‖ The celebrated Cullen ranked hydrophobia with hysteria, and divided it into two varieties, “one caused by the bite of a rabid animal, and characterised by the desire to bite; the other not having this tendency to bite and (probably) not produced by the bite of a rabid animal. Several instances of hydrophobia of the latter kind have been recorded by Dr. Inn's, a Professor of Medicine in the University of Edinburgh, in 1732; and by Pinel, Sarriotte, and other writers.” (“Association Medical Journal,” 1855, p. 514.) An admirable review of the whole subject of animal rabies and human hydrophobia, by Dr. Lindley Kemp, is to be found in the “Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal,” for Jan., 1855, or in abstract in the “Association Med. Journal,” just quoted.Google Scholar

¶ “Science and Practice of Medicine op. cit.,” p. 681.Google Scholar

∗ Dr. Lindley Kemp appears of opinion that the symptoms, which occasionally come on some time after the bite of a rabid animal, are in some way analogous to traumatic tetanus; yet that there is a difference, the disease being modified by the impression made on the patient's mind by the nature of the accident, and by his having in the interval anxiously read books about hydrophobia, consulted with his friends about it, and brooded over his reflections until his mental porters have become decidedly affected. Dr. Kemp would rather classify hydrophobia with hysteria, catalepsy, and diseases of that class which occur in those only who possess mobility of the nervous centres. In proof of the alliance of hydrophobia with these diseases in which moral causes act, Dr. Kemp relates the case of a gentleman who was cured of hydrophobic symptoms by being persuaded that the dog which had bitten him was certainly not rabid.11 ('2 Assoc, Med. Jour.,” 1855, p. 515.)Google Scholar

† “Year Book of the New Sydenham Society,” for 1861, p. 232.Google Scholar

‡ “Year Book of the New Sydenham Society,” for 1859. p. 185.Google Scholar

∗ “Gazette Médicale,” April 7,1866; quoted in “Medical Times,” vol. i., for 1866, p. 408.Google Scholar

† “Medical Times,” vol. i., for 1858, p. 434.Google Scholar

∗ “Henke's Zeitschrift,” Band, lvii., pp. 361-382. Quoted in “Med. Times,” vol. i., for 1859, p. 584Google Scholar

† “Med. Times,” vol. ii., for 1861, p. 10.Google Scholar

∗ In an admirable summary of the chief features of Rabies canina, given in a Memoir presented by fid. Boudin to the Frenoh Academy of Medicine, in 1861, he asserts that “No true pathognomonic sign of rabies exists in the dog.” [Union Médicale : quoted in abstract in “Medical Times,” vol. ii., for 1861, p. 563.]Google Scholar

† “Medical. Times,” vol. i., for 1863, p. 225.Google Scholar

‡ Ibid., vol. ii., for 1863, pp. 465,493, and 542.Google Scholar

∗ “Med. Times,” vol. i. for 1864, p 349. t “Med. Times,” vol. i. for 1864, p. 179.Google Scholar

∗ “Med. Times,” vol. i. for 1864, p 349.Google Scholar

† “Med. Times,” vol. i. for 1864, p. 179.Google Scholar

‡ Babies is not confined to the dog; it occurs also in the fox, wolf, jackal, and cat, and is communicable to probably all warn.-blooded animals, certainly to all domesticated animals, such as the horse, elephant, sheep, ox, and even the oommon fowl [Aitken : “Science and Practice of Medicine,” p. 679.]Google Scholar

∗ “The salivary secretion also, both in dogs and man, is by most non regarded as innocuous. Prof. Dick, of Edinburgh, has come to the conclusion that the saliva of a rabid dog has no power of inducing disease when introduced into the system of another dog” …. “If the saliva be unchanged, and innocuous, there is an end” [says Dr. Lindley Kemp] “to the belief that the bite of a rabid dog can produce hydrophobia or any specific disease.”- [Assoc. Med. Journ., 1855, p. 514.]Google Scholar

† “Insanity and its treatment,” 1871, p. 54.Google Scholar

‡ “Inverness Advertiser,” April, 1871.Google Scholar

∗ Vide my Papers on “The Toot plant and poison of New Zealand” Brit, and Foreign Medico-Chir. Review,” July, 1865, pp. 154, 166, and October, 1868, p. 471.Google Scholar

† Ibid., pp. 171 and 471.Google Scholar

‡ An article on Powmtms Fish in “All the Year Round,” (No. 120, March, 1 *71,) gives a number of illustrative instances. Dr. Baird, in his “Cyclopaedia of the Natural Sciences” (1861), states that Tetragonurus Cuvierii, a Mediterranean fish, “often produces violent poisonous effects” when cooked and eaten, “and it is assérted that this peculiar property is given to it by its food, which consists of Acaleph, known to be acrid and caustic.” The same author also mentions that the West Indian Barracuda [belonging to the genus Sphyræna, which forms the type of the family Sphyrænidæ] has a flesh that in general is good, but at certain seasons it becomes highly poisonous.” Dr. Bart, io the 44 Edinr. Medical Journal,” for 1856 (p. 1014), gives a case of poisoning from eating American partridge [Bonasia Umbellus, properly the Ruffed grouse of America].Google Scholar

∗ (1) “On the Transmission of Disease between Man and the Lower Animals:” Edinr. Veterinary Review, July, 1858.Google Scholar

(2) “On Choleraization in Animals:” Lancet, Decern. 1, 1866.Google Scholar

(3) “How to deal with the Cattle Hague,” Perthshire Advertiser, Jaly. 25, 1866.Google Scholar

† Claude Bernard asserts (in his “Lectures on Experimental Pathology:” Medical Times, Jany. 21,1860, p. 56) that “each particular species of animal has its own peculiar diseases, which cannot be transmitted to a neighbouring species, however closely allied.” This assertion requires confirmation or explanation, and as such is worthy the attention of veterinarians. Its correctness is directly challenged by certain facts or assertions, about to be narrated, concerning the transmission of the same disease between many different genera and species of animals, including man In the Papers quoted in Foot Note, p. 197.Google Scholar

† According to Darwin's u Descent of Man,” 1871.Google Scholar

‡ Vide his “Experiments on Syphilisation.”Google Scholar

§ Vide author's paper on “Syphilisation in Norway.” “Edinburgh Medical Journal,” November, 1857.Google Scholar

¶ Claude Bernard's “Lectures on Experimental Pathology.” “Medical Times,” Jan. 21 1860, p. 56.Google Scholar

¶ Lancet,” May 19, 1860, p. 496.Google Scholar

∗∗ On Epidemio Throat Affection, or Diphtheria, as it appeared at Gains* borough in 1857-8,” read before the Epidemiological Society, on Deo. 6, 1858. “Medical Times,” Jan. 8,1859, p. 44.Google Scholar

†† “Lancet,” May 28,1859.Google Scholar

∗ Chaillon's “Journal of Practical Medicine and Surgery,” Feb. 1859, p. 85.Google Scholar

† Vol. ii., p. 325, 1852, 3rd Edition.Google Scholar

∗ Presented to the meeting of the Epidemiological Society on December 1, 1862.Google Scholar

† “The diseases transmissible from the ox, sheep, and pig, to man, and which render the consumption of their flesh and milk injurious, if not poisonous.”- Inaugural Address for 1862-3, delivered on November 5, 1862.Google Scholar

∗ “Edinburgh Veterinary Review,” August, 1862.Google Scholar

† Transactions of the Medical and Physical Society of Bombay : Appendix : quoted in “Scotsman,” October 4, 1862.Google Scholar

‡ Appendix D. Vol. i., “Transactions of the Literary Society of Bombay,” 1819.Google Scholar

∗ (1) “Daily Telegraph,” August 11, 1862; leading article and paragraph.Google Scholar

(2) “Medical Times,” August 16, 1862, p. 158 : leading articleGoogle Scholar

† An extract from which letter was published in Dr. Anderson's “Lectures introductory to the Study of Fever,” in 1862, p. 7b.Google Scholar

∗ “Medical Times,” August 16,1862, p. 163.Google Scholar

† A report was made upon them by the late Harry Ludlow, the then house surgeon, in the “Medical Times” for September 18,1852. They are quoted in the “Medical Times” for August 23, 1862, p. 195Google Scholar

‡ Inaugural Address, 1862 (op. cit.)Google Scholar

§ “Medical Times,” June 6, 1863.Google Scholar

∗ “Archives Générales de Médecine,” April, 1857, pp. 365-398; quoted in “British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgical Review,” Oct. 1857, p. 530.Google Scholar

† “Medical Times,” Oct. 4, 1862, p. 366.Google Scholar

‡ Translated by a correspondent of the “Medical Times,” in that journal for Jan. 14, 1860, p. 46.Google Scholar

∗ “Medical Times,” vol. xl. [for 1859], p. 654.Google Scholar

† Ibid., August 6, 1859.Google Scholar

‡ Review of Professor Hecker's “Epidemics of the Middle Ages,” in “Chambers' Journal,” Dec. 10, 1859, p. 375.Google Scholar

§ “Medical Times,” Jan., 1866.Google Scholar

∗ “Annales d'Hygiène Publique.” Jan., 1861; quoted in “British and Foreign Medico-Chirurgica I Review,” April 1861, p. 635.Google Scholar