An article under the title of “The ætiology of Crime” by Dr. Goring, in the April number of the Journal for 1918, consists to a great extent of criticisms of one by me, entitled “Notes on Mental Defect in Criminals,” which appeared in the January number for 1917, and contained special comments on Dr. Goring's well-known work “The English Convict: a Statistical Study.” As it then seemed to me necessary to consider Dr. Goring's views when writing on this subject, it seems equally necessary now to make some comment on his criticisms. The main reason for the following remarks is the interest and importance of the subject-matter on which he and I differ; but since some of his strictures depend greatly on misrepresentations of what I have written, or on imputations of arguments and opinions that I have not uttered, I am forced to occupy more space in this paper than I could have wished in quoting from Dr. Goring's charges and re-stating my own position.