Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T11:54:31.434Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Physical Aging in Long Term Creep of Polymeric Composite Laminates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2011

H. W. Hu
H. W. Hu*
Affiliation:
Composite Materials and Lightweight Structures Laboratory, Department of Vehicle Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan 91201, R.O.C.
*
*Associate Professor
Get access

Abstract

This paper presents a complete approach to characterize physical aging in long term creep of composite laminates using short term creep test. Carbon/epoxy composite IM7/977−3 was use to make the coupon specimens of unidirectional fiber orientation and symmetrical laminates. Creep tests were conducted on the specimens to obtain momentary compliances at isothermal conditions. Physical aging in elastic and in creep compliances were modeled respectively. Momentary creep compliances in various aging times were shifted to superpose a reference curve by introducing shift factors for both relaxation time and shape factor of a power law model. Linear relations between shift factors and aging time in log-log scale were found and defined as shift rates. By using reference curve associated with the shift rates, momentary creep compliance in any given aging time can be predicted. By introducing a time dependent shift factor, momentary creep compliance can be modified and turned into an effective time model, which can successfully predict the long term creep of composite laminates at isothermal aging. This approach only requires the test data of momentary creep, and no material properties in each lamina are needed.

Keywords

A. Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs)B. Physical agingB. CreepC. Analytical modeling.
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Mechanics , Volume 23 , Issue 3 , September 2007 , pp. 245 - 252
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, R.O.C. 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Struik, L. C. E., Physical Aging in Amorphous Polymers and Other Materials, Elsevier Scientific Pubilshing Company (1978).Google Scholar
2.Sullivan, J. L., “Creep and Physical Aging of Composites,” Compos. Sci. Technol., 39, pp. 207–232 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Sullivan, J. L., Blais, E. J. and Houston, D., “Physical Aging in the Creep Behavior of Thermosetting and Thermoplastic Composites,” Compos Sci. Technol., 47, pp. 389–403 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Hastie, R. L. J. and Morris, D. H., “The Effects of Physical Aging on Creep Response of a Thermoplastic Composite — High Temperature and Environmental Effects on Polymeric Composites,” ASTM STP 1174, American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 163–185 (1993).Google Scholar
5.Wang, J. Z., Parvatareddy, H., Chang, T., Iyengar, N., Dillard, D. A. and Reifsnider, K. L., “Physical Aging Behavior of High-performance Composites,” Compos. Sci. Technol., 54, pp. 405–415 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Brinson, L. C. and Gates, T. S., “Effects of Physical Aging on Long Term Creep of Polymers and Polymer Matrix Composites,” J. Solid Struct., 32, pp. 827–846 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Gates, T. S. and Feldman, M., “Time-dependent Behavior of a Graphite/Thermoplastic Composite and the Effect of Stress and Physical Aging,” J. Compos. Technol. Research, 17, pp. 33–42 (1995).Google Scholar
8.Gates, T. S. and Feldman, M., “Effects of Physical Aging at Elevated Temperatures on the Viscoelastic Creep of IM7/K3B,” ASTM STP 1274, American Society for Testing and Materials, pp. 7–36 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Bradshaw, R. D. and Brinson, L. C., “Physical Aging in Polymers and Polymer Composites: An Analysis and Method for Time-Aging Time Superposition,” Polym. Eng. Sci., 37, pp. 31–44 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Zheng, S. F. and Weng, G. J., “A new Constitutive Equation for the Long-Term Creep of Polymers Based on Physical Aging,” Euro. J. Mech. A/Solids, 21, pp. 411–421 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Hu, H. and Sun, C. T., “The Characterization of Physical Aging in Polymeric Composites,” Compos. Sci. Technol., 60, pp. 2693–2698 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Hu, H., “Master Curve of Creep Compliance in Polymeric Off-axis Composite Laminates,” Journal of Mechanics, 22, pp. 229–234. (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Hai-Ali, R M, Muliana, A H., “A Multi-Scale Constitutive Formulation for the Nonlinear Viscoelastic Analysis of Laminated Composite Materials and Structures,” J. Solid Struct., 41, pp. 3461–3490 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Hu, H. and Sun, C. T., “The Equivalence of Moisture and Temperature in Physical Aging of Polymeric Composites,” J. Compos. Mater., 37, pp. 913–928 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar