Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T06:45:09.041Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Thermodynamic modeling and characterizations of Al nanoparticles produced by electrical wire explosion process

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

L. Santhosh Kumar ,
S.R. Chakravarthi ,
R. Sarathi  and
R. Jayaganthan
L. Santhosh Kumar
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai-600036, India
S.R. Chakravarthi
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai-600036, India
R. Sarathi
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Design, IIT Madras, Chennai-600036, India
R. Jayaganthan*
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai-600036, India
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Aluminum (Al) nanoparticles are synthesized by wire explosion process (WEP) in an inert ambience of argon. Thermodynamic analysis and structural characterization of nano Al particles are made in the present work. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization has shown that the Al nanoparticles produced are spherical in shape and it follows a lognormal distribution. A unimodal size dependent thermodynamic model is formulated to understand the size dependent thermal behavior of aluminum nanoparticles. Three different melting modes such as, homogeneous melting mode (HMM), liquid skin melting (LSM) and liquid nucleation and growth (LNG) are assumed to understand the melting behavior of aluminum nanoparticles synthesized by the WEP process. The effect of saturation ratio on the nucleation rate and the impingement factor is also discussed. The size dependent melting and enthalpy of fusion of Al nanoparticles predicted by thermodynamic model are in tandem with the DSC results.

Keywords

wire explosionnanoparticlesthermodynamicsmicroscopy
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 32 , Issue 4 , 28 February 2017 , pp. 897 - 909
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Susan B. Sinnott

References

REFERENCES

Sarathi, R., Sindhu, T.K., and Chakravarthy, S.R.: Generation of nano aluminium powder through wire explosion process and its characterization. Mater. Charact. 58, 148 (2007).Google Scholar
Hahn, H. and Averback, R.S.: The production of nanocrystalline powders by magnetron sputtering. J. Appl. Phys. 67, 1113 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jiang, W. and Yatsui, K.: Pulsed wire discharge for nanosize powder synthesis. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 26, 1498–1501 (1998).Google Scholar
Rhee, C.K., Jee, G.H., and Kim, W.W.: Synthesis and compaction of Al-based nanopowders by pulsed discharge method. J. Korean Powder Metall. Inst. 9(6), 433–440 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sindhu, T.K., Sarathi, R., and Chakravarthy, S.R.: Understanding nanoparticle formation by a wire explosion process through experimental and modeling studies. Nanotechnology 19, 025703 (2008).Google Scholar
Ivanov, V., Kotov, Y.A., Somatov, O.M., Bohme, R., Karow, H.U., and Schumacher, G.: Synthesis and dynamic compaction of ceramic nanopowders by techniques based on electric pulsed power. Nanostruct. Mater. 6(1–4), 287–290 (1995).Google Scholar
Tepper, F.: Electro-explosion of wire produces nanosize metals. Met. Powder Rep. 53(6), 31–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, S., Zou, G., and Yang, H.: Thermal characteristic of ultrafine-grained aluminium produced by wire electrical explosion. Scr. Mater. 44, 17–23 (2001).Google Scholar
Kwon, Y.S., Hun, J.Y., Yavorovsky, N.A., Illyn, A.P., and Soon, K.J.: Ultra-fine powder by wire explosion method. Scr. Mater. 44, 2247–2251 (2001).Google Scholar
Chandler, K.M., Hammer, D.A., Sinars, D.B., Pikuz, S.A., and Shelkovenko, T.A.: The relationship between exploding wire expansion rates and wire metal properties near the boiling temperature. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 30(2), 577 (2002).Google Scholar
Kwon, Y.S., Ilyin, A.P., Tikhonov, D.V., Yablunovsky, G.V., and An, V.V.: Characteristics of nanopowders produced by wire electrical explosion of tinned copper conductor in argon. Mater. Lett. 62(17–18), 3143 (2008).Google Scholar
Sarathi, R., Sindhu, T.K., Chakravarthy, S.R., Sharma, A., and Nagesh, K.V.: Generation and characterization of nano-tungsten particles formed by wire explosion process. J. Alloys Compd. 475(1–2), 658–663 (2009).Google Scholar
Antony, J.K., Nilesh, J.V., Chakravarthy, S.R., and Sarathi, R.: Understanding the nano-aluminium particle formation by wire explosion process using optical emission technique. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 111, 2509–2516 (2010).Google Scholar
Liang, C., Song, W.L., Guo, L.G., and Xie, C.S.: Thermal property and microstructure of Al nanopowders produced by two evaporation routes. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 19, 187–191 (2009).Google Scholar
Debalina, B., Kamaraj, K., Murthy, B.S., Chakravarthy, S.R., and Sarathi, R.: Generation and characterization of nano-tungsten carbide particles by wire explosion process. J. Alloys Compd. 496, 122–128 (2010).Google Scholar
Sindhu, T.K., Chakravarthy, S.R., Jayaganthan, R., and Sarathi, R.: Studies on generation and characterization of nano aluminium nitride using wire explosion technique. Synth. React. Inorg., Met.-Org., Nano-Met. Chem. 36, 53–58 (2006).Google Scholar
Giri, V.S., Sarathi, R., Chakravarthy, S.R., and Venkateshaiah, C.: Studies on production and characterization of nano-Al2O3 powder using wire explosion technique. Mater. Lett. 58, 1047–1050 (2004).Google Scholar
Aravinth, S., Sankar, B., Chakravarthy, S.R., and Sarathi, R.: Generation and characterization of nano tungsten oxide particles by wire explosion process. Mater. Charact. 62, 248–255 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bora, B., Wong, C.S., Bhuyan, H., Lee, Y.S., Yap, S.L., and Favre, M.: Understanding the mechanism of nanoparticle formation in wire explosion process. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 117, 1–6 (2013).Google Scholar
Kearns, M.: Development and applications of ultrafine aluminium powders. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 375–377, 120–126 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayt, W.H., Kemmerly, J.E., and Durbin, S.M.: Engineering Circuit Analysis, 6th ed. (Tata Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi, India, 2006); pp. 212–260.Google Scholar
Sedoi, V.S., Mesyats, G.A., Oreshkin, V.I., Valevich, V.V., and Chemezova, L.I.: The current density and the specific energy input in fast electrical explosion. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 27(4), 845 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anderson, G.W., Neilson, F.W., and Chace, W.G.: Exploding Wires (Plenum Press, New York, 1959).Google Scholar
Godbloed, H. and Poedts, S.: Principles of Magnetohydrodynamics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 2002).Google Scholar
Tkachenko, S.I., Vorob’ev, V.S., and Malyshenko, S.P.: The nucleation mechanism of wire explosion. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 37(3), 495–500 (2004).Google Scholar
Qi, W.H.: Size effect on melting temperature of nanosolids. Phys. B 368, 46–50 (2005).Google Scholar
Nanda, K.K.: Size-dependent melting of nanoparticles: Hundred years of thermodynamic model. Pramana J. Phys. 72(4), 617–628 (2009).Google Scholar
Williams, M.M.R.: Growth rates of liquid drops for large saturation ratios. J. Aerosol Sci. 26(3), 477–487 (1995).Google Scholar
Barnard, A.S.: Modelling of nanoparticles: Approaches to morphology and evolution. Rep. Prog. Phys. 73(8), 1–52 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Hayre, R.: Materials Kinetics Fundamentals (John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2015).Google Scholar
Friedlander, S.K.: Smoke, Dust, and Haze: Fundamentals of Aerosol Dynamics, 2nd ed. (Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, 2000).Google Scholar
Brandes, E.A. and Brook, G.B.: Smithells Metals Reference Book, 7th ed. (Butterworth Heinemann, Great Britain, 1992).Google Scholar
Alcock, C.B., Itkin, V.P., and Horrigan, M.K.: Vapor pressure equations for the metallic elements: 298–2500 K. Can. Metall. Q. 23(3), 309–313 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haynes, W.M. ed.: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 96th ed. (CRC Press/Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Internet version-2016).Google Scholar
Yaws, C.L.: Handbook of Vapor Pressure (Gulf Publishing Company, Houston, Texas, 1995).Google Scholar
Kotov, Y.A.: Electric explosion of wires as a method for preparation of nanopowders. J. Nanopart. Res. 5(5), 539–550 (2003).Google Scholar
Umakoshi, M., Yoshitomi, T., and Kato, A.: Preparation of alumina and alumina-silica powders by wire explosion resulting from electric discharge. J. Mater. Sci. 30(5), 1240 (1995).Google Scholar
Tokoi, Y., Suzuki, T., Nakayama, T., Suematsu, H., Jiang, W., and Niihara, K.: Synthesis of TiO2 nanosized powder by pulsed wire discharge. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 47(1S), 760 (2008).Google Scholar
Sarathi, R., Reddy, S.R., Rashmi, S.T., and Kamaraj, M.: Investigation of nano-molybdenum carbide particle produced by wire-explosion process. IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 43(10), 3470–3475 (2015).Google Scholar
Lerner, M.I., Alexander, V.P., Elena, A.G., and Sergey, G.P.: Structure of binary metallic nanoparticles produced by electrical explosion of two wires from immiscible elements. Powder Technol. 288, 371–378 (2016).Google Scholar
Flagan, R.C. and Lunden, M.M.: Particle structure control in nanoparticle synthesis from the vapor phase. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 204(1–2), 113–124 (1995).Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Santhosh Kumar supplementary material

Figures S1-S7

Download Santhosh Kumar supplementary material(File)
File 842.2 KB