Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T12:05:31.392Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Syntheses and characterizations of multiwalled carbon nanotubes-supported palladium nanocomposites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 May 2012

Walid M. Daoush  and
Toyoko Imae
Walid M. Daoush*
Affiliation:
Department of Powder Technology at Central Metallurgical R&D Institute, Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
Toyoko Imae
Affiliation:
Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Honors College, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan, Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes/Pd nanoparticles (CNT/Pd) were prepared by different four synthesis techniques. After the chemical oxidation of CNTs, the infrared absorption data indicated the existence of several functional groups loaded on the CNTs surfaces. The first Pd deposition technique went through the processes of Sn sensitization and Pd deposition on the functionalized surfaces of CNTs. The second method was Pd deposition by polyol process. The third method was Pd deposition using hydrazine in acidic media. In the fourth method, fourth generation poly(amidoamine) dendrimer and sodium borohydride were used as an intermediator between Pd and the surfaces of CNTs and as a reducing agent of the palladium chloride, respectively. It was observed from transmission electron microscope analysis of the produced CNT/Pd nanoparticles that the Pd particles on the CNTs prepared by the fourth method had the smallest average particle size of 3 nm. The Pd contents in the produced CNT/Pd nanocomposite powders were determined by thermogravimetric analysis.

Keywords

carbon nanotube/Pd nanocompositesensitizationmetallizationpolyol processhydrazinedendrimer
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 27 , Issue 13 , 14 July 2012 , pp. 1680 - 1687
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Chen, W.X., Lee, J.Y., and Liu, Z: Preparation of Pt and PtRu nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes by microwave-assisted heating polyol process. Mater. Lett. 58(25), 3166 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Che, G.L., Lakshmi, B.B., Martin, C.R., and Fisher, E.R.: Metal nanocluster-filled carbon nanotubes: Catalytic properties and possible applications in electrochemical energy storage and production. Langmuir 15, 750 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Che, G.L., Lakshmi, B.B., Fisher, E.R., and Martin, C.R.: Carbon nanotubule membranes and possible applications to electrochemical energy storage and production. Nature 393, 346 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Liu, Z., Gan, L.M., Hong, L., Chen, W., and Lee, J.Y.: Carbon-supported Pt nanoparticles as catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J. Power Sources 139(1–2), 73 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Chen, W., Zhao, J., Lee, J.Y., and Liu, Z.: Microwave heated polyol synthesis of carbon nanotubes supported Pt nanoparticles for methanol electrooxidation. Mater. Chem. Phys. 91(1), 124 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Kishore, P.S., Viswanathan, B., and Varadarajan, T.K.: Synthesis and characterization of metal nanoparticle embedded conducting polymer–polyoxometalate composites. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 3, 14 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Lordi, V., Yao, N., and Wei, J.: Method for supporting platinum on single-walled carbon nanotubes for a selective hydrogenation catalyst. Chem. Mater. 13, 733 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Zheng, H.T., Li, Y., Chen, S., and Shen, P.K.: Effect of support on the activity of Pd electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation. J. Power Sources 163, 371 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Lu, X. and Imae, T.: Size-controlled in situ synthesis of metal nanoparticles on dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 2416 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Lu, X. and Imae, T.: Dendrimer-mediated synthesis of water-dispersible carbon-nanotube-supported oxide nanoparticles. J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 8459 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.White, C.T. and Mintmire, J.W.: Fundamental properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes. J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 52 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Garcia-Martinez, J.C., Scott, R.W.J., and Crooks, R.M.: Extraction of monodispersed palladium nanoparticles from dendrimer templates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 11190 (2003).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Jhn, N., Reddy, A.L.M., Shaijumon, M.M., Rajalakshmi, N., and Ramaprabhu, S.: Pt Ru/multi-walled carbon nanotubes as electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cell. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33, 427 (2008).Google Scholar
14.Bonesi, A., Garaventa, G., Triaca, W.E., and Castro Luna, A.M.: Synthesis and characterization of new electrocatalysts for ethanol oxidation. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33, 3499 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Antolini, A., Salgado, J.R.C., Giz, M.J., and Gonzalez, E.R.: Effects of geometric and electronic factors on ORR activity of carbon supported Pt–Co electrocatalysts in PEM fuel cells. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 30, 213 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Ambrosio, E.P., Francia, C., Manzoli, M., and Nerino, P.: Platinum catalyst supported on mesoporous carbon for PEMFC. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 33, 3142 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Yen, C.H., Shimizu, K., Lin, Y.Y., Bailey, F., Cheng, I.F., and Chien, M.W.: Chemical fluid deposition of Pt-based bimetallic nanoparticles on multiwalled carbon nanotubes for direct methanol fuel cell application. Energy Fuels 21, 2268 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Susac, D., Sode, A., Zhu, L., Wong, P.C., Teo, M., Bizzotto, D., Mitchell, K., Parsons, R.R., and Campbell, S.A.: A methodology for investigating new nonprecious metal catalysts for PEM fuel cells. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 10762 (2006).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Chen, W., Kim, J., Sue, S., and Chen, S.: Composition effects of FePt alloy nanoparticles on the electro-oxidation of formic acid. Langmuir 23, 11303 (2007).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Mariana, M.V., Nielson, F.P., and Martin, S.: Influence of the support in selective CO oxidation on Pt catalysts for fuel cell applications. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32, 425 (2007).Google Scholar
21.Hsieh, C.T., Chou, Y.W., and Chen, W.Y.: Fabrication and electrochemical activity of carbon nanotubes decorated with PtRu nanoparticles in acid solution. J. Alloys Compd. 466, 233 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Lin, Y., Cui, X., Yen, C.H., and Wai, C.M.: PtRu/carbon nanotubes nanocomposite synthesized in supercritical fluid: A novel electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells. Langmuir 21, 11474 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23.Sun, C.L., Chen, L.C., Su, M.C., Hong, L.S., Chyan, O., Hsu, C.Y., Chen, K.H., Chang, T.F., and Chang, L.: Ultrafine platinum nanoparticles uniformly dispersed on arrayed CNx nanotubes with high electrochemical activity. Chem. Mater. 17, 3749 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Gangeri, M., Centi, G., Malfa, A.L., Perathoner, S., Vieira, R., Pham-Huu, C., and Ledoux, M.J.: Electrocatalytic performances of nanostructured platinum–carbon materials. Catal. Today 102, 50 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Wang, M.Y., Chen, J.H., Fan, Z., Tang, H., Deng, G.H., He, D.L., and Kuang, Y.F.: Ethanol electro-oxidation with Pt and Pt–Ru catalysts supported on carbon nanotubes. Carbon 42, 3257 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Li, L., Wu, G., and Xu, B.Q.: Electro-catalytic oxidation of CO on Pt catalyst supported on carbon nanotubes pretreated with oxidative acids. Carbon 44, 2973 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Hsieh, C.T., Chou, Y.W., and Lin, J.Y.: Fabrication and electrochemical activity of Ni-attached carbon nanotube electrodes for hydrogen storage in alkali electrolyte. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 32, 3457 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Jeng, K.T., Chien, C.C., Hsu, N.Y., Huang, W.M., Chiou, S.D., and Lin, S.H.: Fabrication and impedance studies of DMFC anode incorporated with CNT-supported high-metal-content electrocatalyst. J. Power Sources 164, 33 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Chien, C.C. and Jeng, K.T.: Effective preparation of carbon nanotubes supported Pt–Ru electrocatalysts. Mater. Chem. Phys. 99, 80 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Pesant, L., Matta, J., Garin, F., Ledoux, M.-J., and Bernhardt, P.: A high-performance Pt/β-SiC catalyst for catalytic combustion of model carbon particles (CPs). Appl. Catal., A 266(1), 21 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Lu, G.Q. and Wang, C.Y.: Electrochemical and flow characterization of a direct methanol fuel cell. J. Power Sources 134(1), 33 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Pattabiraman, P.: Electrochemical investigations on carbon supported palladium catalysts. Appl. Catal., A 9, 153 (1997).Google Scholar
33.Giacomi, M.T., Balasubramanian, M., Khalid, S., and McBreen, J.: Characterization of the activity of palladium modified polythiophene electrodes for the hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. J. Electrochem. Soc. 50, A593 (2003).Google Scholar
34.Gullón, J.S., Iglesias, F.J.V., Montiel, V., and Aldaz, A.: Electrochemical characterization of platinum–ruthenium nanoparticles prepared by water-in-oil microemulsion. Electrochem. Commun. 4, 716 (2002).Google Scholar
35.Li, X. and Hsing, M.: Electrooxidation of formic acid on carbon supported PtxPd1−x (x = 0–1) nanocatalysts. Electrochim. Acta 51, 3477 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Tominaka, S. and Osaka, T.: Nanoporous PdCo catalyst for microfuel cells: Electrodeposition and dealloying. Adv. Phys. Chem. 2011, 13 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Zheng, H.T., Li, Y., Chen, S., and Shen, P.K.: Effect of support on the activity of Pd electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation. J. Power Sources 163(1), 371 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Hu, F., Ding, F., Song, S., and Shen, P.: Pd electrocatalyst supported on carbonized TiO2 nanotube for ethanol oxidation. J. Power Sources 163(1), 415 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Scharf, T.W., Neira, A., Hwang, J.Y., Tiley, J., and Banerjee, R.: Self-lubricating carbon nanotube reinforced nickel matrix composites. J. Appl. Phys. 106, 013508 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40.Daoush, W.M., Lim, B.K., Mo, C.B., Nam, D.H., and Hong, S.H.: Electrical and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced copper nanocomposites fabricated by electroless deposition process. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 513–514, 147 (2009).Google Scholar