Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T11:44:41.391Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Studies of the growth parameters for silver nanoparticle synthesis by inert gas condensation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

M. Raffi ,
Abdul K. Rumaiz ,
M.M. Hasan  and
S. Ismat Shah
M. Raffi
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad- 45650, Pakistan
Abdul K. Rumaiz
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
M.M. Hasan
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering; and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad- 45650, Pakistan
S. Ismat Shah*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by an inert gas condensation method using flowing helium in the process chamber. Nucleation, growth mechanism, and the kinetics of nanoparticle formation in vapor phase are studied. Effect of process parameters, such as evaporation temperature and inert gas pressure, on the particle crystallinity, morphology, and size distribution are examined. Particles were synthesized at evaporation temperatures of 1123, 1273, and 1423 K and at helium pressures of 0.5, 1, 5, 50, and 100 Torr. Synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The particle size ranged from 9 to 32 nm, depending on the growth conditions. At lower evaporation temperature and inert gas pressure, smaller particles with spherical shape showing less agglomeration are formed. Based on the experimental results and theoretical model of surface free energy and undercooling as a function of evaporation temperature and inert gas pressure, particle formation is analyzed. A simple operating map for nanoparticle synthesis is presented. The theoretical model is well supported by the experimental data.

Keywords

Nucleation & growthNanostructureAg
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 22 , Issue 12 , December 2007 , pp. 3378 - 3384
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Baker, C., Pradhan, A., Pakstis, L., Pochan Darrin, J.Shah, S. Ismat: Synthesis and antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 5(2), 244 2005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2Zhang, S., Fu, R., Wu, D., Xu, W., Ye, Q.Chen, Z.: Preparation and characterization of antibacterial silver dispersed activated carbon aerogels. Carbon 42, 3209 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Chi, G.J., Yao, S.W., Fan, J., Zhang, W.G.Wang, H.Z.: Antibacterial activity of anodized aluminum with deposited silver. Surf. Coat. Technol. 157, 162 2002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Backman, U., Jokiniemi, J.K., Auvinen, A.Lehtinen, K.E.J.: The effect of boundary conditions on gas phase synthesized silver nanoparticles. J. Nanopart. Res. 4, 325 2002CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Matijevic, E.: The world of fine particles. Chemtech. 21, 176 1991Google Scholar
6Raffi, M., Akhter, J.I.Hasan, M.M.: Effect of annealing temperature on Ag nano-composite synthesized by sol-gel. Mater. Chem. Phys. 99, 405 2006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Koch, C.C.: The synthesis and structure of nanocrystalline materials produced by mechanical attrition: A review. Nanostruct. Mater. 2, 109 1993 (Overview paper No. 2)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Holtz, R.L.Provenzano, V.: Enhanced micro hardness of copper–niobium nanocomposites. Nanostruct. Mater. 4, 241 1994CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Granqvist, C.G.Buhrman, R.A.: Ultrafine metal particles. J. Appl. Phys. 47, 2200 1976CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Birringer, R., Gleiter, H., Klein, H.P.Marquardt, P.: Nanocrystalline materials, an approach to a novel solid structure with gas like disorder. Phys. Lett. A 102(8), 365 1984CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Flagan, R.C.Lunden, M.M.: Particle structure control in nanoparticle synthesis from the vapor phase. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 204, 113 1995CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Lehtinen, K.E.J., Backman, U., Jokiniemi, J.K.Kulmala, M.: Three-body collisions as a particle formation mechanism in silver nanoparticle synthesis. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 274, 526 2004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13Simchi, A., Ahmadi, R., Reihani, S.M.S.Mahdavi, A.: Kinetics and mechanisms of nanoparticle formation and growth in vapor phase condensation process. Mater. Des. 28, 850 2007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Owen, E.A.Williams, G.I.: A low temperature x-ray camera. J. Sci. Instrum. 31, 49 1954CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Cullity, B.D.Elements of X-Ray Diffraction, 2nd ed.Addison– Wesley Reading, MA 1978Google Scholar
16Turker, M.: Effect of production parameters on the structure and morphology of Ag nanopowders produced by inert gas condensation. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 367, 74 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Kubaschewski, O., Alcock, C.B.Spencer, P.J.Materials Thermochemistry, 6th ed.Pergamon Press New York 1993Google Scholar
18Subbotina, O., Kishkoparov, N.Frishberg, I.: Investigation technique for studying kinetics and mechanisms of growth of metal/metal alloy nanoparticles in the process of vapor phase condensation in Proceedings of Nanocrystalline Materials, PM2001 Conference Nice France 2001 387Google Scholar
19Haas, V., Birringer, R.Gleiter, H.: Preparation and characterization of compacts from nanostructured powder produced in an aerosol flow condenser. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 246, 86 1998CrossRefGoogle Scholar