Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T16:24:40.007Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Spherical Nanoindentations and Kink Bands in Ti3SiC2

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

A. Murugaiah ,
M.W. Barsoum ,
S.R. Kalidindi  and
T. Zhen
A. Murugaiah
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
M.W. Barsoum
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
S.R. Kalidindi
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
T. Zhen
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
Get access

Abstract

We report for the first time on load versus depth-of-indentation response of Ti3SiC2 surfaces loaded with a 13.5 μm spherical tipped diamond indenter up to loads of 500 mN. Using orientation imaging microscopy, two groups of crystals were identified; one in which the basal planes were parallel to, and the other normal to, the surface. When the load-penetration depth curves were converted to stress-strain curves the following was apparent: when the surfaces were loaded normal to the c axis, the response at the lowest loads was linear elastic—well described by a modulus of 320 GPa—followed by a clear yield point at approximately 4.5 GPa. And while the first cycle was slightly open, the next 4 on the same location were significantly harder, almost indistinguishable, and fully reversible. At the highest loads (500 mN) pop-ins due to delaminations between basal planes were observed. When pop-ins were not observed the indentations, for the most part, left no trace. When the load was applied parallel to the c axis, the initial response was again linear elastic (modulus of 320 GPa) followed by a yield point of approximately 4 GPa. Here again significant hardening was observed between the first and subsequent cycles. Each cycle resulted in some strain, but no concomitant increase in yield points. This orientation was even more damage tolerant than the orthogonal direction. This response was attributed to the formation of incipient kink bands that lead to the formation of regular kink bands. Remarkably, these dislocation-based mechanisms allow repeated loading of Ti3SiC2 without damage, while dissipating significant amounts of energy per unit volume, Wd, during each cycle. The values of Wd measured herein were in excellent agreement with corresponding measurements in simple compression tests reported earlier, confirming that the same mechanisms continue to operate even at the high (≈9 GPa) stress levels typical of the indentation experiments.

Keywords

CeramicNanoindentationLayered
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 19 , Issue 4 , April 2004 , pp. 1139 - 1148
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Barsoum, M.W.: The MN+1AXN Phass: A new class of solids: Thermodynamically stable nanolaminates. Prog. Sol. State Chem. 28, 201 (2000).Google Scholar
2Pampuch, R., Lis, J., Stobierski, L. and Tymkiewicz, M.: Solid combustion synthesis of Ti3SiC2. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 5, 283 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Barsoum, M.W. and El-Raghy, T.: Synthesis and characterization of a remarkable ceramic: Ti3SiC2. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79, 1953 (1996).Google Scholar
4El-Raghy, T., Barsoum, M.W., Zavaliangos, A. and Kalidindi, S.R.: Processing and mechanical properties of Ti3SiC2: II, effect of grain size and deformation temperature. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82, 2855 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5El-Raghy, T., Zavaliangos, A., Barsoum, M.W. and Kalidindi, S.R.: Damage mechanisms around hardness indentations in Ti3SiC2. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 80, 513 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Gilbert, C.J., Bloyer, D.R., Barsoum, M.W., El-Raghy, T., Tomsia, A.P. and Ritchie, R.O.: Fatigue-crack growth and fracture properties of coarse and fine-grained Ti3SiC2. Scr. Mater. 42, 761 (2000).Google Scholar
7Radovic, M., Barsoum, M.W., El-Raghy, T. and Wiederhorn, S.: Tensile creep of fine-grained (3-5 m) Ti3SiC2 in the 10001200 C temperature range. Acta Mater. 49, 4103 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Low, I.M., Lee, S.K., Lawn, B. and Barsoum, M.W.: Contact damage accumulation in Ti3SiC2. J. Amer. Ceram. Soc. 81, 225 (1998).Google Scholar
9Kuroda, Y., Low, I.M., Barsoum, M.W. and El-Raghy, T.: Indentation responses and damage characteristics of hot isostatically pressed Ti3SiC2. J. Aust. Ceram. Soc. 37, 95 (2001).Google Scholar
10Barsoum, M.W. and El-Raghy, T.: Room temperature ductile carbides. Met. Mater. Trans. 30 A, 363 (1999).Google Scholar
11Farber, L., Levin, I. and Barsoum, M.W.: HRTEM study of a low-angle boundary in plastically deformed Ti3SiC2. Philos. Mag. Lett. 79, 4103 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Barsoum, M.W., Farber, L. and El-Raghy, T.: Dislocations, kink banks and room temperature plasticity of Ti3SiC2. Met. Mat. Trans. 30A, 1727 (1999).Google Scholar
13Barsoum, M.W., Radovic, M., Finkel, P. and El-Raghy, T.: Ti3SiC2 and ice. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 479 (2001).Google Scholar
14Barsoum, M.W., Zhen, T., Kalidindi, S., Radovic, M. and Murugaiah, A.: Fully reversible dislocation-based compression deformation of Ti3SiC2 to 1 GPa. Nat. Mater. 2, 107 (2003).Google Scholar
15Adams, B.L.: Orientation imaging microscopy: Emerging and future applications. Ultramicroscopy. 67, 11 (1997).Google Scholar
16Field, D.P.: Recent advances in the application of orientation imaging. Ultramicroscopy. 67, 1 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Kooi, B.J., Poppen, R.J., Carvalho, N.J.M., De Hosson, J.Th.M. and Barsoum, M.W.: Ti3SiC2: A damage tolerant ceramic studied with nano-indentations and transmission electron microscopy. Acta. Mater. 51, 2859 (2003).Google Scholar
18Tabor, D.: Hardness of Metals (Clarendon Press, Oxford, U.K., 1951)Google Scholar
19Lawn, B.R., Padture, N.P., Cai, H. and Guiberteau, F.: Making ceramics ductile. Science. 263, 1114 (1994).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20Guiberteau, F., Padture, N.P. and Lawn, B.R.: Effect of grain size on hertzian contact damage in alumina. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 77, 1825 (1994).Google Scholar
21Field, J.S. and Swain, M.V.: Glassy carbon, coke, and pyrolytic Graphite. Carbon. 34, 1357 (1996).Google Scholar
22Swain, M.V. and Field, J.S.: Investigations of the mechanical properties of two glassy carbon materials using pointed indenters. Philos. Mag. A. 74, 1085 (1996).Google Scholar
23Swain, M.V.: Mater. Sci. Eng. Mechanical property characterization of small volumes of brittle materials with spherical tipped indenters. A253, 160 (1998).Google Scholar
24Fischer-Cripps, A.C.: A review of analysis methods for sub-micron indentation testing. Vac. 58, 569 (2000).Google Scholar
25Iwashita, N., Swain, M.V., Field, J.S., Ohta, N. and Bitoh, S.: Elasto-plastic deformation of glass-like carbons heat-treated at different temperatures. Carbon. 39, 1525 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Sakai, M., Nakano, Y. and Shimizu, S.: Elastoplastic indentation on heat-treated carbons. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 85, 1522 (2002).Google Scholar
27Holm, B., Ahuja, R. and Johansson, B.: Ab initio calculations of the mechanical properties of Ti3SiC2. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1450 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Barsoum, M.W., El-Raghy, T., Rawn, C.J., Porter, W.D., and, A. Payzant, Hubbard, C.: Thermal properties of Ti3SiC2. J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 60, 429 (1999).Google Scholar
29Frank, F.C. and Stroh, A.N.: On the theory of kinking. Proc. Phys. Soc. 65, 811 (1952).Google Scholar
30Molina-Aldareguia, J.M., Emmerlich, J., Palmquist, J., Jansson, U. and Hultman, L.: Kink formation around indents in laminated Ti3SiC2 thin films studied in the nanoscale. Scri. Mater. 49, 155 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Barsoum, M.W., Murugaiah, A., Kalidindi, S.R. and Gogotsi, Y.Kink bands, nonlinear elasticity and nanoindentations in graphiteCrossRefGoogle Scholar
32Barsoum, M.W., Murugaiah, A., Kalidindi, S.R. and Zhen, T.Kinking nonlinear elastic solids, nanoindentations and geology. ((submitted to). Physical Review Letters)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33Myhra, S., Summers, J.W.B. and Kisi, E.H.: Ti3SiC2A layered ceramic exhibiting ultra-low friction. Mater. Let. 39, 6 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34Johnson, K.L.: Indentation Contact Mechanics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985).Google Scholar