Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T05:36:45.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Recovery of deformation substructure and coarsening of particles on annealing severely plastically deformed Al–Mg–Si alloy and analysis of strengthening mechanisms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2006

I. Gutierrez-Urrutia ,
M.A. Muñoz-Morris  and
D.G. Morris
I. Gutierrez-Urrutia
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Metallurgy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas (CENIM), Consejo Superior de Investigacion Cientifica (CSIC), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
M.A. Muñoz-Morris
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Metallurgy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas (CENIM), Consejo Superior de Investigacion Cientifica (CSIC), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
D.G. Morris*
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Metallurgy, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalurgicas (CENIM), Consejo Superior de Investigacion Cientifica (CSIC), E-28040 Madrid, Spain
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

An Al–Mg–Si alloy was annealed to various solutionized and aged states and was then severely plastically deformed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). These materials were subsequently annealed for a range of times and temperatures to induce precipitation, dislocation recovery, and grain growth, with changes of mechanical behavior followed by tensile testing. Precipitation of excess solute was seen to occur in all cases, independent of the initial heat treated state, but the particles present appear to play only a small role in stabilizing the deformation substructure, at least until significant particle and grain coarsening has occurred, when discontinuous grain coarsening can be provoked. The strength of materials is examined, and the respective contributions of loosely arranged dislocations, many grain boundaries, and dispersed particles are deduced. It is shown that dislocation strengthening is significant in as-deformed, as well as lightly annealed materials, with grain boundary strengthening providing the major contribution thereafter.

Keywords

Cold workingDislocationsMechanical properties
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 21 , Issue 2 , February 2006 , pp. 329 - 342
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Segal, V.M.: Materials processing by simple shear. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 197, 157 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Segal, V.M.: Engineering and commercialization of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE). Mater. Sci. Eng. A 386, 269 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Wang, J., Iwahashi, Y., Horita, Z., Furukawa, M., Nemoto, M., Valiev, R.Z. and Langdon, T.G.: An investigation of microstructural stability in an Al–Mg alloy with submicrometer grain size. Acta Mater. 44, 2973 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Iwahashi, Y., Horita, Z., Nemoto, M. and Langdon, T.G.: An investigation of microstructural evolution during equal-channel angular pressing. Acta Mater. 45, 4733 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Iwahashi, Y., Horita, Z., Nemoto, M. and Langdon, T.G.: Factors influencing the equilibrium grain size in equal-channel angular pressing: The role of Mg additions to aluminium. Metall. Mater. Trans. 29A, 2503 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Valiev, R.Z., Islamgaliev, R.K. and Alexandrov, I.V.: Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deformation. Prog. Mater. Sci. 45, 103 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Hayes, J.S., Keyte, R. and Prangnell, P.B.: Effect of grain size on tensile behaviour of a submicron grained Al–3 wt% Mg alloy produced by severe deformation. Mater. Sci. Technol. 16, 1259 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Prangnell, P.B., Bowen, J.R., and Gholinia, A.: The formation of submicron and nanocrystalline grain structures by severe deformation, in Science of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Alloys: Structure, Properties and Modelling, edited by Dineson, A.R., Eldrup, M., Juul, J.D., Linderoth, S., Pedersen, T.B., and Pryds, N.H. (Proc. 22nd Risø Int Symp, Risø National Lab, Roskilde, Denmark, 2001), p. 105.Google Scholar
9.Morris, D.G. and Muñoz-Morris, M.A.: Microstructure of severely deformed Al–3Mg and its evolution during annealing. Acta Mater. 50, 4047 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Gholinia, A., Prangnell, P.B. and Markushev, M.V.: The effect of strain path on the development of deformation structures in severely deformed aluminium alloys processed by ECAE. Acta Mater. 47, 1115 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Apps, P.J., Bowen, J.R. and Prangnell, P.B.: The effect of coarse second-phase particles on the rate of grain refinement during severe deformation processing. Acta Mater. 51, 2811 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Chang, J.Y. and Shan, A.: Microstructure and mechanical properties of AlMgSi alloys after equal channel angular pressing at room temperature. Mater. Sci. Eng. 347, 165 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Markushev, M.V. and Murashkin, M.Yu.: Structure and mechanical properties of commercial Al–Mg 1560 alloy after equal-channel angular extrusion and annealing. Mater. Sci. Eng. 367, 234 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Humphreys, F.J.: Local lattice rotations at second phase particles in deformed metals. Acta Metall. 27, 180 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Humphreys, F.J. and Hatherly, M.: Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena (Pergamon, Oxford, U.K., 1995).Google Scholar
16.Oh-ishi, K., Horita, Z., Smith, D.J. and Langdon, T.G.: Grain boundary structure in Al–Mg and Al–Mg–Sc alloys after equal-channel angular pressing. J. Mater. Res. 16, 583 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Lee, S., Utsunomiya, A., Akamatsu, H., Neishi, K., Furukawa, M., Horita, Z. and Langdon, T.G.: Influence of scandium and zirconium on grain stability and superplastic ductilities in ultrafine-grained Al–Mg alloys. Acta Mater. 50, 553 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Oh-ishi, K., Hasi, Y., Sadakata, A., Kaneko, K., Horita, Z. and Langdon, T.G.: Microstructural control on an Al–Mg–Si alloy using equal-channel angular pressing. Mater. Sci. Forum 396–402, 333 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Xu, C., Furukawa, M., Horita, Z. and Langdon, T.G.: Using ECAP to achieve grain refinement, precipitate fragmentation and high strain rate superplasticity in a spray-cast aluminium alloy. Acta Mater. 51, 6139 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Xu, C., Furukawa, M., Horita, Z. and Langdon, T.G.: Influence of ECAP on precipitate distributions in a spray-cast alumnium alloy. Acta Mater. 53, 749 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Straumal, B.B., Baretzky, B., Mazilkin, A.A., Phillipp, F., Kogtenkova, O.A., Volkov, M.N. and Valiev, R.Z.: Formation of nanograined structure and decomposition of supersaturated solid solution during high pressure torsion of Al–Zn and Al–Mg alloys. Acta Mater. 52, 4469 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Gutierrez-Urrutia, I., Muñoz-Morris, M.A. and Morris, D.G.: The effect of coarse second-phase particles and fine precipitates on microstructure refinement and mechanical properties of severely deformed Al alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 394, 399 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Prangnell, P.B., Hayes, J.S., Bowen, J.R., Apps, P.J. and Bate, P.S.: Continuous recrystallisation of lamellar deformation structures produced by severe deformation. Acta Mater. 52, 3193 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Yu, C.Y., Sun, P.L., Kao, P.W. and Chang, C.P.: Evolution of microstructure during annealing of a severely deformed aluminium. Mater. Sci. Eng. 366, 310 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Ferry, M., Hamilton, N.E. and Humphreys, F.J.: Continuous and discontinuous grain coarsening in a fine grained particle-containing Al–Sc alloy. Acta Mater. 53, 1097 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Zhao, Y.H., Liao, X.Z., Jin, Z., Valiev, R.Z. and Zhu, Y.T.: Microstructures and mechanical properties of ultrafine grained 7075 Al alloy processed by ECAP and their evolutions during annealing. Acta Mater. 52, 4589 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Valiez, R.Z., Alexandrov, I.V., Zhu, Y.T. and Lowe, T.C.: Paradox of strength and ductility in metals processed by severe plastic deformation. J. Mater. Res. 17, 5 (2002).Google Scholar
28.Furukawa, M., Horita, Z., Nemoto, M., Valiev, R.Z. and Langdon, T.G.: Factors influencing the flow and hardness of materials with ultrafine grain sizes. Philos. Mag. 78A, 203 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Furukawa, M., Iwahashi, Y., Horita, Z., Nemoto, M., Tsenev, N., Valiev, R.Z. and Langdon, T.G.: Structural evolution and the Hall– Petch relationship in an Al–Mg–Li–Zr alloy with ultra-fine grain size. Acta Mater. 45, 4751 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Valiev, R.Z.: Structure and mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained metals. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 234–236, 58 (1997).Google Scholar
31.Muñoz-Morris, M.A., Oca, C. Garcia and Morris, D.G.: Mechanical behaviour of dilute Al–Mg alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing. Scr. Mater. 48, 213 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Muñoz-Morris, M.A., Garcia, C. Oca, Gonzalez-Doncel, G., and Morris, D.G.: Microstructure and mechanical properties of severely deformed Al–3Mg and its evolution during subsequent annealing treatments, in Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation, Fundamentals-Processing-Applications, edited by Zehetbauer, M.J. and Valiev, R.Z. (Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2004), p. 623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Bowen, J.R., Prangnell, P.B., Jensen, D. Juul and Hansen, N.: Microstructural parameters and flow stress in Al–0.13% Mg deformed by ECAE processing. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 387–389, 235 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Hansen, N.: Hall–Petch relation and boundary strengthening. Scripta Mater. 51, 801 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Edwards, G.A., Stiller, K., Dunlop, G.L. and Couper, M.J.: The precipitate sequence in Al–Mg–Si alloys. Acta Mater. 46, 3893 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Humphreys, F.J., Prangnell, P.B., Bowen, J.R., Gholinia, A. and Harris, C.: Developing stable fine-grain microstructures by large strain deformation. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B Biol. Sci. A 357, 1663 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Zener, C.: Private communication to C.S. Smith. Trans. Amer. Inst. Min. Metall. Eng. 175, 15 (1949).Google Scholar
38.Gladman, T.: On the theory of the effect of precipitate particles on grain growth in metals. Proc. R. Soc. 284A, 298 (1966).Google Scholar
39.Rios, P.R.: A theory for grain boundary pinning by particles. Acta Metall. 35, 2805 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40.Hassold, G.N., Holm, E.A. and Srolovitz, D.J.: Effects of particle size on inhibited grain growth. Scripta Metall. Mater. 24, 101 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Myhr, O.R., Grong, O. and Andersen, S.J.: Modelling of the age hardening behaviour of Al–Mg–Si alloys. Acta Mater. 49, 65 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
42.Brown, L.M. and Ham, R.K. Dislocation-particle interactions, in Strengthening Methods in Crystals, edited by Kelly, A. and Nicholson, R.D. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1971), Chap. 2, p. 8.Google Scholar
43.Armstrong, R.W. and Douthwaite, R.M. Hall–Petch basis for assessing alloy strengthening, in Grain Size and Mechanical Properties—Fundamentals and Applications, edited by Otooni, M.A., Armstrong, R.W., Grant, N.J., and Ishizaki, K. (Mater Res Soc Symp Proc. 362 Pittsburgh, PA, 1995), p. 41.Google Scholar