Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-b95js Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-11T08:52:47.638Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Preparation and mechanical properties of selective laser melted H13 steel

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 February 2019

Bo Ren Open the ORCID record for Bo Ren [Opens in a new window] ,
Dehong Lu ,
Rong Zhou ,
Zhenhua Li  and
Jieren Guan
Bo Ren
Affiliation:
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Dehong Lu*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Rong Zhou
Affiliation:
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Zhenhua Li
Affiliation:
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Jieren Guan
Affiliation:
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Process parameters (laser power and scanning speed) for H13 steel specimens produced by selective laser melting (SLM) are optimized, and microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties are investigated. The optimum process parameters are a laser power of 170 W and a scanning speed of 400 mm/s according to the maximum relative density of 99.2%. The microstructure consists of cellular grains and columnar crystal, which are composed of lath martensite and retained austenite, and there are no carbides or other second-phase particles present. The size of cellular grains is 1 μm. Compared with the common processed (forged and heat-treated) H13, SLM H13 has similar microhardness (561 HV) and tensile strength (1909 MPa) values. However, the elongation (12.4%) is a factor of ∼3 times higher and the impact energy (14.4 J) of the SLM specimen is somewhat lower. The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties is discussed. Fine grains and no second-phase precipitation determine the strength and plasticity of SLM samples.

Keywords

H13 steelselective laser meltingrelative densitymicrostructuretensile strengthenimpact toughness
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 34 , Issue 8 , 29 April 2019 , pp. 1415 - 1425
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Srivatsan, T.S.: Materials science and engineering handbook. Mater. Manuf. Processes 11, 41 (2015).Google Scholar
Committee, A.I.H., Davis, J.R., and Abel, L.A.: Properties and selection: Irons, steels, and high-performance alloys. In Metals Handbook, Vol. 1, Committee, A.I.H., Davis, J.R., and Abel, L.A., eds. (Library of Congress Cataloging, Russell, Geauga County, Ohio, 1990); pp. 754–1004.Google Scholar
Mazur, M., Leary, M., Mcmillan, M., Elambasseril, J., and Brandt, M.: SLM additive manufacture of H13 tool steel with conformal cooling and structural lattices. Rapid Prototyp. J. 22, 504–518 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frazier, W.E.: Metal additive manufacturing: A review. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 23, 1917 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewandowski, J.J. and Seifi, M.: Metal additive manufacturing: A review of mechanical properties. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 46, 151–186 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, I., Rosen, D., and Stucker, B.: Additive Manufacturing Technologies: 3D Printing, Rapid Prototyping, and Direct Digital Manufacturing, 2nd ed. (Springer US, Boston, 2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, L., Wang, S., and Wu, J.: Experimental investigation on densification behavior and surface roughness of AlSi10Mg powders produced by selective laser melting. Opt. Laser Technol. 96, 88 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mercelis, P. and Kruth, J.P.: Residual stresses in selective laser sintering and selective laser melting. Rapid Prototyp. J. 12, 254 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, D., Wu, S., Fu, F., Mai, S., Yang, Y., Liu, Y., and Song, C.: Mechanisms and characteristics of spatter generation in SLM processing and its effect on the properties. Mater. Des. 117, 121 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Y., Yang, Y., and Wang, D.: A study on the residual stress during selective laser melting (SLM) of metallic powder. Int. J. Adv. Des. Manuf. Technol. 87, 1 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andani, M.T., Dehghani, R., Karamooz-Ravari, M.R., Mirzaeifar, R., and Ni, J.: Spatter formation in selective laser melting process using multi-laser technology. Mater. Des. 131, 460 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parry, L., Ashcroft, I., Bracket, D., and Wildman, R.D.: Investigation of residual stresses in selective laser melting. Key Eng. Mater. 627, 129 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suryanarayana, C. and Grant Norton, M.: Practical Aspects of X-Ray Diffraction (Springer US, Boston, 1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, D., Song, C., Yang, Y., and Bai, Y.: Investigation of crystal growth mechanism during selective laser melting and mechanical property characterization of 316L stainless steel parts. Mater. Des. 100, 291 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanford, M., Kibble, K., Lindop, M., Mynors, D., and Durnall, C.: An investigation into fully melting a maraging steel using direct laser sintering. Steel Res. Int. 79, 847 (2008).Google Scholar
Aboulkhair, N.T., Maskery, I., Tuck, C., Ashcroft, I., and Everitt, N.M.: The microstructure and mechanical properties of selectively laser melted AlSi10Mg: The effect of a conventional T6-like heat treatment. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 667, 139 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popovich, V.A., Borisov, E.V., Popovich, A.A., Sufiiarov, V.S., Masaylo, D.V., and Alzine, L.: Functionally graded Inconel 718 processed by additive manufacturing: Crystallographic texture, anisotropy of microstructure and mechanical properties. Mater. Des. 114, 441 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antonysamy, A.A., Meyer, J., and Prangnell, P.B.: Effect of build geometry on the β-grain structure and texture in additive manufacture of Ti–6Al–4V by selective electron beam melting. Mater. Charact. 84, 153 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Helmer, H., Bauereiß, A., Singer, R.F., and Körner, C.: Grain structure evolution in Inconel 718 during selective electron beam melting. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 668, 180 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Popovich, V.A., Borisov, E.V., Popovich, A.A., Sufiiarov, V.S., Masaylo, D.V., and Alzina, L.: Impact of heat treatment on mechanical behaviour of Inconel 718 processed with tailored microstructure by selective laser melting. Mater. Des. 131, 12 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mertens, R., Vrancken, B., Holmstock, N., Kinds, Y., Kruth, J.P., and Van Humbeeck, J.: Influence of powder bed preheating on microstructure and mechanical properties of H13 tool steel SLM parts. Phys. Procedia 83, 882 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matlock, D., Krauss, G., Ramos, L.F., and Huppi, G.S: Structure and Properties of Dual-Phase Steels (AIME, New York, 1979).Google Scholar
Erdogan, M. and Tekeli, S.: The effect of martensite particle size on tensile fracture of surface-carburised AISI 8620 steel with dual phase core microstructure. Mater. Des. 23, 597 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, M., Li, J.C., and Jiang, Q.: Hall–Petch relationship in nanometer size range. J. Alloys Compd. 361, 160 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deighton, M.: Deformation and Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials (Wiley, New York, 1976).Google Scholar
Ahmad, E., Manzoor, T., Ali, K.L., and Akhter, J.I.: Effect of microvoid formation on the tensile properties of dual-phase steel. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 9, 306 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarwar, M. and Priestner, R.: Influence of ferrite-martensite microstructural morphology on tensile properties of dual-phase steel. J. Mater. Sci. 31, 2091 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarwar, M., Priestner, R., and Ahmad, E.: Influence of martensite volume fraction on fatigue limit of a dual-phase steel. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 11, 274 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dang-Shen, M.A., Jian, Z., Chen, Z.Z., Zhang, Z.K., Chen, Q.A., and De-Hui, L.I.: Influence of thermal homogenization treatment on structure and impact toughness of H13 ESR steel. J. Iron Steel Res. Int. 16, 56 (2009).Google Scholar
Lambert-Perlade, A., Gourgues, A.F., and Pineau, A.: Austenite to bainite phase transformation in the heat-affected zone of a high strength low alloy steel. Acta Mater. 52, 2337 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, S.J. and Davis, C.L.: Investigation of the microstructure and mesotexture formed during thermomechanical controlled rolling in microalloyed steels. J. Microsc. 213, 262 (2004).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed