Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T22:25:05.943Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Postgrown Li-rich vapor transport equilibration-induced Mg diffusion within MgO:LiNbO3 crystal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

De-Long Zhang ,
Hui Zheng ,
Ping-Rang Hua  and
Edwin Yue-Bun Pun
Ping-Rang Hua
Affiliation:
Department of Opto-electronics and Information Engineering, School of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Information and Technical Science (Tianjin University), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China; and Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
Edwin Yue-Bun Pun
Affiliation:
Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
Get access

Abstract

A number of congruent LiNbO3 crystals homogeneously doped with 5 mol% Mg in growth melt were subjected to Li-rich vapor transport equilibration (VTE) treatments at 1100 °C for different durations. Secondary ion mass spectrometry study shows that the VTE induces the Mg diffusion within the crystal and an inhomogeneous Mg depth profile. The surface Mg concentration, determined from measured ordinary refractive index, shows a strong VTE duration dependence. Neutron activation analysis shows that the amount of MgO diffusing out of the crystal is ignorable, allowing to conclude that the Mg ions counter diffuse to the crystal surface at the early stage of VTE and then come back toward equilibrium as the Li concentration comes to equilibrium. The VTE-induced Li2O content increase in crystal was determined by the gravimetric method. The crystalline phase, crystal composition, and site occupation of Mg and Li are discussed.

Keywords

DiffusionPhase EquilibriaCrystal
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 25 , Issue 9 , September 2010 , pp. 1817 - 1821
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Kuroda, A., Kurimura, S., Uesu, Y.Domain inversion in ferroelectric MgO:LiNbO3 by applying electric fields. Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 1565 (1996)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Bryan, D.A., Gerson, R., Tomaschke, H.E.Increased optical damage resistance in lithium niobate. Appl. Phys. Lett. 44, 847 (1984)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Brinkmann, R., Sohler, W., Suche, H., Wersig, C.Fluorescence and laser operation in single-mode Ti-diffused Nd:MgO:LiNbO3 waveguide structures. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 466 (1992)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Haruna, M., Sewai, H., Nishihara, H., Ikunishi, S., Gozen, T., Tanaka, H.Efficient laser oscillation in thermally Nd-diffused MgO:LiNbO3 singlemode waveguides. Electron. Lett. 30, 412 (1994)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Fujiwara, T., Takahashi, M., Ohama, M., Ikushima, A.J., Furukawa, Y., Kitamura, K.Comparison of electro-optic effect between stoichiometric and congruent LiNbO3. Electron. Lett. 35, 499 (1999)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Gopalan, V., Mitchell, T.E., Furukawa, Y., Kitamura, K.The role of nonstoichiometry in 180 degrees domain switching of LiNbO3 crystals. Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 1981 (1998)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Grisard, A., Lallier, E., Polgar, K., Peter, A.Low electric field periodic poling of thick stoichiometric lithium niobate. Electron. Lett. 36, 1043 (2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Katz, M., Route, R., Alexandrovski, A., Fejer, M.M., Custodio, M.C.C., Jundt, D.H.Characterization of near-stoichiometric 1% Mg-doped LiNbO3 fabricated by vapor transport equilibration. OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series 88, 1778 (2003)Google Scholar
9.Furukawa, Y., Kitamura, K., Takekawa, S., Miyamoto, A., Terao, M., Suda, N.Photorefraction in LiNbO3 as a function of [Li]/[Nb] and MgO concentrations. Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2494 (2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Nakamura, M., Higuchi, S., Takekawa, S., Terabe, K., Furukawa, Y., Kitamura, K.Optical damage resistance and refractive indices in near-stoichiometric MgO-doped LiNbO3. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., Part 2 41, L49 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Chen, S.L., Liu, H.D., Kong, Y.F., Huang, Z.H., Xu, J.J., Zhang, G.Y.The resistance against optical damage of near-stoichiometric LiNbO3: Mg crystals prepared by vapor transport equilibration. Opt. Mater. 29, 885 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Young, W.M., Feigelson, R.S., Jundt, D.H., Fejer, M.M.Influence of composition of MgO-doped lithium niobate on phase-matching temperature for frequency doubling in the visible. J. Appl. Phys. 69, 7372 (1991)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Péter, Á., Polgár, K., Kovács, L., Lengyel, K.Threshold concentration of MgO in near-stoichiometric LiNbO3 crystals. J. Cryst. Growth 284, 149 (2005)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Metricon Corporation http://www.metricon.com/Google Scholar
15.Liu, J.J., Zhang, W.L., Zhang, G.Y.Defect chemistry analysis of the defect structure in Mg-doped LiNbO3 crystals. Phys. Status Solidi A 156, 285 (1996)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Iyi, N., Kitamura, K., Yajima, Y., Kimura, S.Defect structure model of MgO-doped LiNbO3. J. Solid State Chem. 118, 148 (1995)CrossRefGoogle Scholar