Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T08:28:33.009Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A New Method for Direct Preparation of Tin Dioxide Nanocomposite Materials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

T.A. Miller ,
S.D. Bakrania ,
C. Perez  and
M.S. Wooldridge
T.A. Miller
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2125
S.D. Bakrania
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2125
C. Perez
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2125
M.S. Wooldridge
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2125
Get access

Abstract

In the current work, a novel combustion method is demonstrated for the direct synthesis of nanocomposite materials. Specifically doped tin dioxide (SnO2) powders were selected for the demonstration studies due to the key role SnO2 plays in semiconductor gas sensors and the strong sensitivity of doped SnO2 to nanocomposite properties. The synthesis approach combines solid and gas-phase precursors to stage the decomposition and particle nucleation processes. A range of synthesis conditions and four material systems were examined in the study: gold–tin dioxide, palladium–tin dioxide, copper–tin dioxide, and aluminum–tin dioxide. Several additive precursors were considered including four metal acetates and two pure metals. The nanocomposite materials produced were examined for morphology, phase, composition, and lattice spacing using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffractometry, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The results using the combustion synthesis approach indicate good control of the nanocomposite properties, such as the average SnO2 crystallite size, which ranged from 5.8 to 17 nm.

Keywords

Combustion synthesisNanoparticleSensor
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 20 , Issue 11 , November 2005 , pp. 2977 - 2987
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Uematsu, T., Fan, L., Maruyama, T., Ichikuni, N. and Shimazu, S.: New application of spray reaction technique to the preparation of supported gold catalysts for environmental catalysis. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 182, 209 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2Afonso, C.N., Solis, J., Serna, R., Gonzalo, J., Ballesterosa, J.M. and de San, J.C.G.: Pulsed laser deposition of nanocomposite thin films for photonic applications. Proc. SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng. 3618, 453 (1999).Google Scholar
3Cui, Z. and Zhang, Z.: Ce-Ni nanoparticles with shell structure for hydrogen storage. Nanostruct. Mater. 7, 355 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Miller, T.A., Bakrania, S.D., Perez, C. and Wooldridge, M.S.: Tin dioxide/metal/metal oxide nanocomposites for gas sensor applications. In Functional Nanomaterials , edited by Rosenberg, E. and Geckeler, K.E. (American Scientific Publishers, Stevenson Ranch, CA) (in press).Google Scholar
5Yamazoe, N.: New approaches for improving semiconductor gas sensors. Sens. Actuators, B 5, 7 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Krius, F.E., Fissan, H. and Peled, A.: Synthesis of nanoparticles in the gas phase for electronic, optical and magnetic applications—A review. J. Aerosol Sci. 29, 511 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Göpel, W. and Schierbaum, K.D.: SnO2 sensors: Current status and future prospects. Sens. Actuators, B 26, 1 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Kanazawa, E., Kugishima, M., Shimanoe, K., Kanmura, Y., Teraoka, Y., Miura, N. and Yamazoe, N.: Mixed-potential type N2O sensor using stabilized zirconia- and SnO2-based sensing electrode. Sens. Actuators, B 75, 121 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Sayago, I., Gutiérrez, J., Arés, L., Robla, J.I., Horrillo, M.C., Getino, J., Rino, J. and Agapito, J.A.: Effect of additives in tin oxide on the sensitivity and selectivity to NOx and CO. Sens. Actuators, B 26, 19 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Siciliano, P.: Preparation, characterisation and applications of thin films for gas sensors prepared by cheap chemical method. Sens. Actuators, B 70, 153 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Cabot, A., Arbiol, J., Morante, J.R., Weimar, U., Bârsan, N. and Göpel, W.: Analysis of the noble metal catalytic additives introduced by impregnation of as obtained SnO2 sol-gel nanocrystals for gas sensors. Sens. Actuators, B 70, 87 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12Borman, C.G. and Gordon, R.G.: Reactive pathways in the chemical vapor deposition of tin oxide films by tetramethyltin oxidation. J. Electrochem. Soc. 136, 3820 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Unuma, H., Tahabatake, H., Watanabe, K., Ogata, T. and Sugawara, M.: Preparation of SnO2 thin films by the oxidative-soak-coating method. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 21, 1241 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Mukhopadhyay, A.K., Mitra, P., Chatterjee, A.P. and Maiti, H.S.: Tin dioxide thin film gas sensor. Ceram. Int. 26, 123 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Calderer, J., Molinàs, P., Sueiras, J., Llobet, E., Vilanova, X., Correig, X., Masana, F. and Rodríguez, A.: Synthesis and characterization of metal suboxides for gas sensors. Microelectron. Reliab. 40, 807 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Choe, Y-S.: New gas sensing mechanism for SnO2 thin-film gas sensors fabricated by using dual ion beam sputtering. Sens. Actuators, B 77, 200 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Jiménez, V.M., González-Elipe, A.R., Espinós, J.P., Justo, A. and Fernández, A.: Synthesis of SnO and SnO2 nanocrystalline powders by the gas phase condensation method. Sens. Actuators, B 31, 29 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Nicoletti, S., Dori, L., Cardinali, G.C. and Parisini, A.: Gas sensors for air quality monitoring: Realization and characterization of undoped and noble metal-doped SnO2 thin sensing films deposited by the pulsed laser ablation. Sens. Actuators, B 60, 90 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19Cukrov, L.M., Tsuzuki, T. and McCormick, P.G.: SnO2 nanoparticles prepared by mechanochemical processing. Scripta Mater. 44, 1787 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20Lindackers, D., Janzen, C., Rellinghaus, B., Wassermann, E.F. and Roth, P.: Synthesis of Al2O3 and SnO2 particles by oxidation of metalorganic precursors in premixed H2/O2/Ar low pressure flames. Nanostruct. Mater. 10, 1247 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21Zhu, W. and Pratsinis, S.E.: Synthesis of SiO2 and SnO2 particles in diffusion flame reactors. AIChE J. 43, 2657 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Skandan, G., Glumac, N., Chen, Y.-J., Cosandey, F., Heims, E. and Kear, B.H.: Low-pressure flame deposition of nanostructured oxide films. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81, 2753 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Wooldridge, M.S.: Gas-phase combustion synthesis of particles. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 24, 63 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Pratsinis, S.E.: Flame aerosol synthesis of ceramic powders. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 24, 197 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Laine, R.M., Baranwal, R., Hinklin, T., Treadwell, D., Sutorik, A., Bickmore, C., Waldner, K. and Neo, S.S.: Making nanosized oxide powders by flame spray pyrolysis, in Novel Synthesis and Processing of Ceramics, edited by Suzuki, H., Komeya, K., and Uematsu, K. (Key Engineering Materials Trans. Tech. Publ. Ltd., Zurich, Switzerland, 1998), p. 17.Google Scholar
26Laine, R.M., Waldner, K., Bickmore, C. and Treadwell, D.R. Ultrafine powders by flame spray pyrolysis. U.S. Patent No. 5 958 361, September 28, 1999.Google Scholar
27Skandan, G., Glumac, N., Chen, Y-J., Cosandey, F., Heims, E. and Kear, B.H.: Low-pressure flame deposition of nanostructured oxide films. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81, 2753 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Bittencourt, C., Llobet, E., Ivanov, P., Correig, X., Vilanova, X., Brezmes, J., Hubalek, J., Malysz, K., Pireaux, J.J. and Calderer, J.: Influence of the doping method on the sensitivity of Pt-doped screen-printed SnO2 sensors. Sens. Actuators, B 97, 67 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29Cabot, A., Diéguez, A., Romano-Rodríguez, A., Morante, J.R. and Bârsan, N.: Influence of the catalytic introduction procedure on the nano-SnO2 gas sensor performances: Where and how stay the catalytic atoms. Sens. Actuators, B 79, 98 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30Sergent, N., Gélin, P., Périer-Cambry, L., Praliaud, H. and Thomas, G.: Preparation and characterisation of high surface area stannic oxides: Structural, textural and semiconducting properties. Sens. Actuators, B 84, 176 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Zhang, J. and Gao, L.: Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline tin oxide by sol-gel method. J. Solid State Chem. 177, 1425 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32Xu, C., Tamaki, J., Miura, N. and Yamazoe, N.: Grain size effects on gas sensitivity of porous SnO2-based elements. Sens. Actuators, B 3, 147 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33Zhang, G. and Liu, M.: Effect of particle size and dopant on properties of SnO2-based gas sensors. Sens. Actuators, B 69, 144 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34Wooldridge, M.S., Torek, P.V., Donovan, M.T., Hall, D.L., Miller, T.A., Palmer, T.R. and Schrock, C.R.: An experimental investigation of gas-phase combustion synthesis of SiO2 nanoparticles using a multi-element diffusion flame burner. Combust. Flame 131, 98 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35Hall, D.L., Torek, P.V., Schrock, C.R., Palmer, T.R. and Wooldridge, M.S.: Gas-phase combustion synthesis of tin oxide nanoparticles. Proceedings of the 2001 International Symposium on Metastable, Mechanically Alloyed, and Nanocrystalline Materials ; (Trans. Tech. Publ., Zurich, Switzerland, 2002), p. 347.Google Scholar
36Hall, D.L., Wang, A.A., Joy, K.T., Miller, T.A. and Wooldridge, M.S.: Combustion synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline tin and tin oxide (SnOx, x = 0–2) particles. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 87, 2033 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37Ma, J. Soot formation during coal pyrolysis. Ph.D. Dissertation, Chemical Engineering Department, Brigham Young University, Salt Lake City, UT, 1996.Google Scholar
38Niksa, S., Mitchell, R.E., Hencken, K.R. and Tichenor, D.A.: Optically determined temperatures, sizes, and velocities of individual carbon particles under typical combustion conditions. Combust. Flame 60, 183 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39Miller, T.A. Combustion synthesis of metal/metal oxide nanocomposite materials. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.Google Scholar
40Miller, T.A., Chu, C.H. and Wooldridge, M.S. Demonstration of a particle feed system for combustion synthesis of metal and metal oxide materials, Presented at the 2003 Technical Meeting of the Eastern States Section of the Combustion Institute, State College, PA, October, 2003.Google Scholar
41Miller, T.A., Bakrania, S.D., Perez, C. and Wooldridge, M.S.: An experimental investigation of the use of solid-phase precursors for direct synthesis of doped tin dioxide nanocomposite powders. Combust. Flame 2005 (submitted).Google Scholar
42Files, JCPDS Powder Diffraction 21-1250, 4-784, 5-661, 5-667, 5-681. International Centre for Diffraction Data: Newton Square, PA, 1990.Google Scholar
43Hall, D.L. Gas-phase combustion synthesis of nanocrystalline tin and tin oxide particles. M.S. Thesis, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 2001.Google Scholar
44Schreiber, N.R. Wilk Jr.and H.D.: Optical properties of gold in acetate glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 239, 192 (1998).Google Scholar
45Ikohura, K. and Watson, J.: The Stannic Oxide Gas Sensor (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1994).Google Scholar
46Bittencourt, C., Llobet, E., Ivanov, P., Correig, X., Vilanova, X., Brezmes, J., Hubalek, J., Malysz, K., Pireaux, J.J. and Calderer, J.: Influence of the doping method on the sensitivity of Pt-doped screen-printed SnO2 sensors. Sens. Actuators, B 97, 67 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
47Epifani, M., Alvisi, M., Mirenghi, L., Leo, G., Siciliano, P. and Vasanelli, L.: Sol-gel processing and characterization of pure and metal-doped SnO2 thin films. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 84, 48 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48Makino, E. and Shibata, T.: Micromachining compatible metal patterning technique using localized decomposition of an organometallic compound by laser irradiation. J. Micromech. Microeng. 8, 177 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
49 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, edited by Lide, D.R. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1997).Google Scholar