Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T03:47:42.608Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The microstructure length scale of strain rate sensitivity in ultrafine-grained aluminum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 March 2015

Adam D. Kammers
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
Jittraporn Wongsa-Ngam
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
Terence G. Langdon
Affiliation:
Departments of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1453, USA; and Materials Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
Samantha Daly*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; and Department of Materials Science & Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained aluminum produced by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) are strongly influenced by strain rate. In this work, an experimental investigation of local strain rate sensitivity as it relates to microstructure was performed using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and digital image correlation. Uniaxial tension tests were carried out at 200 °C and strain rates alternating between 2.5 × 10−5 s−1 and 3.0 × 10−3 s−1. The results demonstrate that the heterogeneous microstructure generated by ECAP has a strong effect on the microstructure scale strain rate sensitivity. Deformation centered at grain boundaries separating regions of banded microstructure exhibits the greatest strain rate sensitivity. Strain rate sensitivity is limited in deformation occurring in regions of microstructure composed of ultrafine grains separated by low-angle grain boundaries. The tensile specimens all failed by shear bands at 200 °C and at room temperature they failed by necking with little plastic deformation apparent outside of the neck.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Valiev, R.Z. and Langdon, T.G.: Principles of equal-channel angular pressing as a processing tool for grain refinement. Prog. Mater. Sci. 51, 881 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valiev, R.Z., Alexandrov, I.V., Zhu, Y.T., and Lowe, T.C.: Paradox of strength and ductility in metals processed by severe plastic deformation. J. Mater. Res. 17, 5 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dvorak, J., Sklenicka, V., and Horita, Z.: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of high purity aluminium processed by equal-channel angular pressing. Mater. Trans. 49, 15 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Estrin, Y. and Vinogradov, A.: Extreme grain refinement by severe plastic deformation: A wealth of challenging science. Acta Mater. 61, 782 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wheeler, J.M., Maier, V., Durst, K., Göken, M., and Michler, J.: Activation parameters for deformation of ultrafine-grained aluminium as determined by indentation strain rate jumps at elevated temperature. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 585, 108 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
May, J., Höppel, H.W., and Göken, M.: Strain rate sensitivity of ultrafine-grained aluminium processed by severe plastic deformation. Scr. Mater. 53, 189 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chinh, N.Q., Szommer, P., Csanádi, T., and Langdon, T.G.: Flow processes at low temperatures in ultrafine-grained aluminum. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 434, 326 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Böhner, A., Maier, V., Durst, K., Höppel, H.W., and Göken, M.: Macro- and nanomechanical properties and strain rate sensitivity of accumulative roll bonded and equal channel angular pressed ultrafine-grained materials. Adv. Eng. Mater. 13, 251 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Höppel, H.W., May, J., Eisenlohr, P., and Göken, M.: Strain rate sensitivity of ultrafine-grained materials. Z. Metallkd. 96, 566 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sabirov, I., Barnett, M.R., Estrin, Y., and Hodgson, P.D.: The effect of strain rate on the deformation mechanisms and the strain rate sensitivity of an ultra-fine-grained Al alloy. Scr. Mater. 61, 181 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iwahashi, Y., Wang, J., Horita, Z., Nemoto, M., and Langdon, T.G.: Principle of equal-channel angular pressing for the processing of ultra-fine grained materials. Scr. Mater. 35, 143 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langdon, T.G.: The principles of grain refinement in equal-channel angular pressing. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 462, 3 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langdon, T.G.: Twenty-five years of ultrafine-grained materials: Achieving exceptional properties through grain refinement. Acta Mater. 61, 7035 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furukawa, M., Horita, Z., and Langdon, T.G.: Factors influencing the shearing patterns in equal-channel angular pressing. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 332, 97 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iwahashi, Y., Furukawa, M., Horita, Z., Nemoto, M., and Langdon, T.G.: Microstructural characteristics of ultrafine-grained aluminum produced using equal-channel angular pressing. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 29, 2245 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beyerlein, I.J. and Tóth, L.S.: Texture evolution in equal-channel angular extrusion. Prog. Mater. Sci. 54, 427 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terhune, S.D., Swisher, D.L., Oh-ishi, K., Horita, Z., Langdon, T.G., and McNelley, T.R.: An investigation of microstructure and grain-boundary evolution during ECA pressing of pure aluminum. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 33, 2173 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oh-ishi, K., Zhilyaev, A.P., and McNelley, T.R.: Effect of strain path on evolution of deformation bands during ECAP of pure aluminum. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 410411, 183 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kawasaki, M., Horita, Z., and Langdon, T.G.: Microstructural evolution in high purity aluminum processed by ECAP. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 524, 143 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davidson, D.L.: The effect of a cluster of similarly oriented grains (A supergrain) on fatigue crack initiation characteristics of clean materials. In Fourth International Conference on Very High Cycle Fatigue (VHCF-4), Allison, J.E., Jones, J.W., Larsen, J.M., and Ritchie, R.O. eds.; TMS: Warrendale, PA, 2007; pp. 2328.Google Scholar
Zhilyaev, A.P., Swisher, D.L., Oh-ishi, K., Langdon, T.G., and McNelley, T.R.: Microtexture and microstructure evolution during processing of pure aluminum by repetitive ECAP. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 429, 137 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kammers, A.D., Wongsa-Ngam, J., Langdon, T.G., and Daly, S.: The effect of microstructure heterogeneity on the microscale deformation of ultrafine-grained aluminum. J. Mater. Res. 29, 1664 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakashima, K., Horita, Z., Nemoto, M., and Langdon, T.G.: Development of a multi-pass facility for equal-channel angular pressing to high total strains. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 281, 82 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Furukawa, M., Iwahashi, Y., Horita, Z., Nemoto, M., and Langdon, T.G.: The shearing characteristics associated with equal-channel angular pressing. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 257, 328 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oh-ishi, K., Horita, Z., Furukawa, M., Nemoto, M., and Langdon, T.G.: Optimizing the rotation conditions for grain refinement in equal-channel angular pressing. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 29, 2011 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kammers, A.D. and Daly, S.: Self-assembled nanoparticle surface patterning for improved digital image correlation in a scanning electron microscope. Exp. Mech. 53, 1333 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutton, M.A., Li, N., Joy, D.C., Reynolds, A.P., and Li, X.: Scanning electron microscopy for quantitative small and large deformation measurements. Part I: SEM imaging at magnifications from 200 to 10,000. Exp. Mech. 47, 775 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutton, M.A., Li, N., Garcia, D., Cornille, N., Orteu, J-J., McNeill, S.R., Schreier, H.W., Li, X., and Reynolds, A.P.: Scanning electron microscopy for quantitative small and large deformation measurements. Part II: Experimental validation for magnifications from 200 to 10,000. Exp. Mech. 47, 789 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kammers, A.D. and Daly, S.: Digital image correlation under scanning electron microscopy: Methodology and validation. Exp. Mech. 53, 1743 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutton, M.A., Li, N., Garcia, D., Cornille, N., Orteu, J-J., McNeill, S.R., Schreier, H.W., and Li, X.: Metrology in a scanning electron microscope: Theoretical developments and experimental validation. Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 2613 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhu, Y.T. and Lowe, T.C.: Observations and issues on mechanisms of grain refinement during ECAP process. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 291, 46 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: Image

Supplementary Material

Supplementary information supplied by authors.

Download Supplementary Material(Image)
Image 5.9 MB
Supplementary material: File

Kammers et al. supplementary material

Supplementary figures

Download Kammers et al. supplementary material(File)
File 31.6 MB
Supplementary material: Image

Supplementary Material

Supplementary information supplied by authors.

Download Supplementary Material(Image)
Image 7.2 MB
Supplementary material: Image

Supplementary Material

Supplementary information supplied by authors.

Download Supplementary Material(Image)
Image 6.7 MB
Supplementary material: Image

Supplementary Material

Supplementary information supplied by authors.

Download Supplementary Material(Image)
Image 6 MB
Supplementary material: Image

Supplementary Material

Supplementary information supplied by authors.

Download Supplementary Material(Image)
Image 5.9 MB