Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T22:08:49.208Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Microstructure characteristics and mechanical properties of a 2A66 Al–Li alloy processed by continuous repetitive upsetting and extrusion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2016

Wenli Gao ,
Juan Xu ,
Jie Teng  and
Zheng Lu
Wenli Gao*
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Forming and Control, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
Juan Xu
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Forming and Control, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
Jie Teng
Affiliation:
Department of Metal Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, People's Republic of China
Zheng Lu
Affiliation:
Institute of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloy, Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Material, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China; and Beijing Advanced Engineering and Application Research Center of Aluminum Materials, Beijing 100095, People's Republic of China
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Continuous repetitive upsetting and extrusion (CRUE) processing was performed to investigate its effects on microstructures, mechanical properties and texture characteristics of a 2A66 Al–Li alloy. The results show that the average grain size is effectively refined from initial as-extruded ∼140 µm to ∼4 µm after 3 CRUE passes. The grain refinement is the combined effect of continuous dynamic recrystallization and discontinuous dynamic recrystallization. The texture intensity tends to be weaker and new cube texture is gradually developed with increasing CRUE passes. In addition, the fraction of high angle grain boundaries increases to 86.37% after 3 CRUE passes. Tensile test results reveal that the ductility is greatly enhanced with modest reduction in strength after CRUE processing. The variation in mechanical properties may be mainly due to the decrease of dislocation density and weakening of texture.

Keywords

microstructuregrain sizetexture
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 31 , Issue 16 , 29 August 2016 , pp. 2506 - 2515
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Gupta, R.K., Nayan, N., Nagasireesha, G., and Sharma, S.C.: Development and characterization of Al–Li alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 420, 228 (2006).Google Scholar
Rioja, R.J. and Liu, J.: The evolution of Al–Li base products for aerospace and space applications. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 43, 3325 (2012).Google Scholar
Jata, K.V., Panchanadeeswaran, S., and Vasudevan, A.K.: Evolution of texture, microstructure and mechanical property anisotropy in an Al–Li–Cu alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 257, 37 (1998).Google Scholar
Alexandrov, I.V., Dubravina, A.A., Kilmametov, A.R., Kazykhanov, V.U., and Valiev, R.Z.: Textures in nanostructured metals processed by severe plastic deformation. Met. Mater. Int. 9, 151 (2003).Google Scholar
Zaharia, L., Comaneci, R., Chelariu, R., and Luca, D.: A new severe plastic deformation method by repetitive extrusion and upsetting. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 595, 135 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, Y., Hu, L., Sun, Y., and Ma, Q.: Repetitive upsetting extrusion process and microstructure evolution of AZ61 magnesium. Mater. Res. Innovations 18, 173 (2014).Google Scholar
Hu, L.X., Li, Y.P., Wang, E., and Yu, Y.: Ultrafine grained structure and mechanical properties of a LY12 Al alloy prepared by repetitive upsetting-extrusion. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 422, 327 (2006).Google Scholar
Balasundar, I. and Raghu, T.: Deformation behaviour of bulk materials during repetitive upsetting-extrusion (RUE). Int. J. Mater. Form. 3, 267 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balasundar, I. and Raghu, T.: On the die design for repetitive upsetting-extrusion (RUE) process. Int. J. Mater. Form. 6, 289 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balasundar, I., Ravi, K.R., and Raghu, T.: Grain refinement in OFHC Cu subjected to repetitive upsetting extrusion (RUE) process. Mater. Sci. Forum 710, 270 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Akhtar, N.: Melting and casting of lithium containing aluminum alloys. Int. J. Cast Metal. Res. 28, 1 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zha, M., Li, Y., Mathiesen, R.H., Bjørge, R., and Roven, H.J.: High ductility bulk nanostructured Al–Mg binary alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing and inter-pass annealing. Scr. Mater. 105, 22 (2015).Google Scholar
Sakai, T., Belyakov, A., Kaibyshev, R., Miura, H., and Jonas, J.J.: Dynamic and post-dynamic recrystallization under hot, cold and severe plastic deformation conditions. Prog. Mater. Sci. 60, 130 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, W.J., Hong, S.I., Kim, Y.S., Min, S.H., Jeong, H.T., and Lee, J.D.: Texture development and its effect on mechanical properties of an AZ61 Mg alloy fabricated by equal channel angular pressing. Acta Mater. 51, 3293 (2003).Google Scholar
Mungole, T., Naresh, N., Dawara, K., Kumar, P., Kawasaki, M., and Langdon, T.G.: Evolution of microhardness and microstructure in a cast Al–7% Si alloy during high-pressure. J. Mater. Sci. 48, 4671 (2013).Google Scholar
Oscarsson, A., Ekstrom, H.E., and Hutchinson, B.: Transition from discontinuous to continuous recrystallization in strip-cast aluminum. Mater. Sci. Forum 113–115, 177 (1993).Google Scholar
Kaibyshev, R., Shipilova, K., Musin, F., and Motohashi, Y.: Continuous dynamic recrystallization in an Al–Li–Mg–Sc alloy during equal-channel angular extrusion. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 396, 341 (2005).Google Scholar
Woo, W., Choo, H., and Brown, D.W.: Texture analysis of a friction stir processed 6061-T6 aluminum alloy using neutron. Acta Mater. 54, 3871 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wenk, H.R. and Van Houtte, P.: Texture and anisotropy. Rep. Prog. Phys. 67, 1367 (2004).Google Scholar
Nadammal, N., Kailas, S.V., Szpunar, J., and Suwas, S.: Microstructure and crystallographic texture evolution during the friction-stir processing of a precipitation-hardenable aluminum alloy. JOM 67, 1014 (2015).Google Scholar
Jeong, H.M., Okayasu, K., and Fukutomi, H.: {001} texture map of AA5182 aluminum alloy for high temperature uniaxial compression. Mater. Trans. 51, 2162 (2010).Google Scholar
de La Chapelle, S.: Cube recrystallization textures in a hot deformed Al–Mg–Si alloy. Scr. Metall. 45, 1387 (2001).Google Scholar
Kim, H.W., Kang, S.B., Tsuji, N., and Minamino, Y.: Elongation increase in ultra-fine grained Al–Fe–Si alloy sheets. Acta Mater. 53, 1737 (2005).Google Scholar
Xing, Z.P., Kang, S.B., and Kim, H.W.: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the AA8011 alloy during the accumulative roll-bonding process. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 33, 1521 (2002).Google Scholar
Kong, X.X., Zhang, H., and Ji, X.K.: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the AA8011 alloy during the accumulative roll-bonding process. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 612, 131 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huskins, E.L., Cao, B., and Ramesh, K.T.: Strengthening mechanisms in an Al–Mg alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 527, 1292 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starink, M.J. and Wang, S.C.: A model for the yield strength of overaged Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys. Acta Mater. 51, 5131 (2003).Google Scholar
Mungole, T., Kumar, P., Kawasaki, M., and Langdon, T.G.: The contribution of grain boundary sliding in tensile deformation of an ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy having high strength and high ductility. J. Mater. Sci. 50, 3549 (2015).Google Scholar
Balasundar, I., Ravi, K.R., and Raghu, T.: Strain softening in oxygen free high conductivity (OFHC) copper subjected to repetitive upsetting-extrusion (RUE) process. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 583, 114 (2013).Google Scholar
Sitdikov, O., Sakai, T., and Avtokratov, E.: Grain refinement in a commercial Al–Mg–Sc alloy under hot ECAP conditions. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 444, 18 (2007).Google Scholar
Sitdikov, O., Sakai, T., Avtokratova, E., Kaibyshev, R., Tsuzaki, K., and Watanabe, Y.: Microstructure behavior of Al–Mg–Sc alloy processed by ECAP at elevated temperature. Acta Mater. 56, 821 (2008).Google Scholar
Hales, S.J. and Mcnelley, T.R.: Microstructural evolution by continuous recrystallization in a superplastic Al–Mg alloy. Acta Metall. 36, 1229 (1988).Google Scholar
Gourdet, S. and Montheillet, F.: A model of continuous dynamic recrystallization. Acta Mater. 51, 2685 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sukhopar, O., Sitdiko, O., Gottstein, G., and Kaibyshev, R.: Grain refinement in a commercial Al–Mg–Sc–Zr alloy during hot ECAP. Mater. Sci. Forum 584–586, 722 (2008).Google Scholar
Gourdet, S. and Montheillet, F.: An experimental study of the recrystallization mechanism during hot deformation of aluminium. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 283, 274 (2000).Google Scholar
Wang, Y., Shao, W.Z., Zhen, L., Yang, L., and Zhang, X.M.: Flow behavior and microstructures of superalloy 718 during high temperature deformation. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 497, 479 (2008).Google Scholar
Sangal, S. and Tangri, K.: The effect of small plastic deformation and annealing on the properties of polycrystals: Part II. Theoretical model for the transformation of nonequilibrium grain boundaries. Metal. Trans. A 20, 479 (1989).Google Scholar
Castro-Fernández, F.R. and Sellars, C.M.: Static recrystallization and recrystallization during hot deformation of Al–1Mg–1Mn alloy. Mater. Sci. Technol. 4, 621 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, W., Belyakov, A., Miura, H., and Sakai, T.: Dynamic recrystallization of copper polycrystals with different purities. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 265, 233 (1999).Google Scholar
Galindo-Nava, E.I. and Rivera-Díaz-del-Castillo, P.E.J.: Grain size evolution during discontinuous dynamic recrystallization. Scr. Mater. 72–73, 1 (2014).Google Scholar