Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T10:42:01.309Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Indentation size effect in FCC metals: An examination of experimental techniques and the bilinear behavior

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2012

David E. Stegall
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529
Md. Abdullah Mamun
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529
Bryan Crawford
Affiliation:
Nanomechanics Inc., Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
Abdelmageed Elmustafa*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The indentation size effect (ISE) and the bilinear behavior for pure face centered cubic (FCC) metals including aluminum, nickel, silver, and 70/30 copper–zinc (α-brass) alloy using a single Berkovich indenter tip in a single test machine were investigated. The results confirmed that this behavior is mechanistic in nature and were consistent with those reported by A.A. Elmustafa and D.S. Stone [J. Mech. Phys. Solids51, 357–381 (2003)] of the ISE and the bilinear behavior using two separate indenter tips (Berkovich and Vickers) from two separate machines. Therefore, the bilinear behavior is present regardless of tip geometry or machine used. We also investigated the cause for a deviation in the continuous stiffness measurement (CSM) data from discrete data points obtained using the load control protocol at shallow depth. We conducted experiments near grain boundaries to determine if the CSM deviation at shallow depths were caused by a hardening effect due to dislocation interaction with the interface.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Poole, W.J., Ashby, M.F., and Fleck, N.A.: Micro-hardness of annealed and work-hardened copper polycrystals. Scr. Mater. 34, 559564 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Mencik, J.: Determination of mechanical properties by instrumented indentation. Meccanica 42, 1929 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Ma, Q. and Clarke, D.R.: Size dependent hardness of silver single crystals. J. Mater. Res. 10, 853863 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Nabarro, F.R.N., Shrivastava, S., and Luyckx, S.B.: The size effect in microindentation. Philos. Mag. 86, 41734180 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Fleck, N.A., Muller, G.M., Ashby, M.F., and Hutchinson, J.W.: Strain gradient plasticity: Theory and experiment. Acta Metall. Mater. 42, 475487 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Gao, H., Huang, Y., Nix, W.D., and Hutchinson, J.W.: Mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity - I. Theory. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 47, 12391263 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Huang, Y., Gao, H., Nix, W.D., and Hutchinson, J.W.: Mechanism-based strain gradient plasticity. II. Analysis. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 48, 99128 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Kim, J.-Y., Kang, S.-K., Greer, J.R., and Kwon, D.: Evaluating plastic flow properties by characterizing indentation size effect using a sharp indenter. Acta Mater. 56, 33383343 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Durst, K., Backes, B., and Goken, M.: Indentation size effect in metallic materials: Correcting for the size of the plastic zone. Scr. Mater. 52, 10931097 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Huang, Y., Zhang, F., Hwang, K.C., Nix, W.D., Pharr, G.M., and Feng, G.: A model of size effects in nano-indentation. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 54, 16681686 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Elmustafa, A.A. and Stone, D.S.: Nanoindentation and the indentation size effect: Kinetics of deformation and strain gradient plasticity. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 51, 357381 (2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Elmustafa, A.A., Ananda, A.A., and Elmahboub, W.M.: Bilinear behavior in nano and microindentation tests of fcc polycrystalline materials. J. Eng. Mater. Technol. Trans. ASME 126, 353359 (2004).Google Scholar
13.Tayon, W., Crooks, R., Domack, M., Wagner, J., and Elmustafa, A.A.: EBSD study of delamination fracture in Al-Li alloy 2090. Exp. Mech. 50, 135143 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: An improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. J. Mater. Res. 7, 15641583 (1992).Google Scholar
15.Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. J. Mater. Res. 19, 320 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Almasri, A.H. and Voyiadjis, G.Z.: Nano-indentation in FCC metals: Experimental study. Acta Mech. 209, 19 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Faghihi, D. and Voyiadjis, G.Z.: Size effects and length scales in nanoindentation for body-centred cubic materials with application to iron. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. N J. Nanoeng. Nanosyst. 224(1–2), 518 (2010).Google Scholar
18.Voyiadjis, G.Z. and Faghihi, D.: Variable (intrinsic) material length scale for face-centred cubic metals using nano-indentation. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. N J. Nanoeng. Nanosyst. 224(3), 123147 (2010).Google Scholar
19.Voyiadjis, G.Z. and Peters, R.: Size effects in nanoindentation: An experimental and analytical study. Acta Mech. 211, 131153 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Pharr, G.M., Strader, J.H., and Oliver, W.C.: Critical issues in making small-depth mechanical property measurements by nanoindentation with continuous stiffness measurement. J. Mater. Res. 24, 653666 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Wyrzykowski, J.W. and Grabski, M.W.: Hall-Petch relation in aluminium and its dependence on the grain boundary structure. Philos. Mag. A 53(4 pt 1), 505520 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Wo, P.C. and Ngan, A.H.W.: Investigation of slip transmission behavior across grain boundaries in polycrystalline Ni3Al using nanoindentation. J. Mater. Res. 19(1), 189201 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Wang, M.G. and Ngan, A.H.W.: Indentation strain burst phenomenon induced by grain boundaries in niobium. J. Mater. Res. 19(8), 24782486 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Soifer, Y.M., Verdyan, A., Kazakevich, M., and Rabkin, E.: Nanohardness of copper in the vicinity of grain boundaries. Scr. Mater. 47(12), 799804 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Aifantis, K.E., Soer, W.A., De Hosson, J.T.M., Willis, J.R.: Interfaces within strain gradient plasticity: Theory and experiments. Acta Mater. 54(19), 50775085 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Beaudoin, A.J., Acharya, A., Chen, S.R., Korzekwa, D.A., and Stout, M.G.: Consideration of grain-size effect and kinetics in the plastic deformation of metal polycrystals. Acta Mater. 48(13), 34093423 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Yang, B. and Vehoff, H.: Dependence of nanohardness upon indentation size and grain size—A local examination of the interaction between dislocations and grain boundaries. Acta Mater. 55, 849856 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Sayan, P. and Ulrich, J.: Effect of various impurities on the hardness of NaCl crystals. Cryst. Res. Technol. 36, 12531262 (2001).3.0.CO;2-2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Britton, T.B., Randman, D., and Wilkinson, A.J.: Nanoindentation study of slip transfer phenomenon at grain boundaries. J. Mater. Res. 24(3), 607615 (2009).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Pharr, G.M., Herbert, E.G., and Yanfei, G.: The indentation size effect: A critical examination of experimental observations and mechanistic interpretations. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 40, 271292 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Pathak, S., Michler, J., Wasmer, K., and Kalidindi, S.R.: Studying grain boundary regions in polycrystalline materials using spherical nano-indentation and orientation imaging microscopy. J. Mater. Sci. 47(2), 815-823 1–9 (2012).Google Scholar
32.Faghihi, D. and Voyiadjis, G.Z.: Determination of nanoindentation size effects and variable material intrinsic length scale for body-centered cubic metals. Mech. Mater. 44, 189211 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Lee, T.C., Robertson, I.M., and Birnbaum, H.K.: Prediction of slip transfer mechanisms across grain boundaries. Scr. Metall. 23(5), 799803 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Vadalakonda, S., Banerjee, R., Puthcode, A., and Mirshams, R.: Comparison of incipient plasticity in bcc and fcc metals studied using nanoindentation. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 426(1–2), 208213 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar