Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T16:16:18.211Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Germanium–single-wall carbon nanotube anodes for lithium ion batteries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Roberta A. DiLeo
Affiliation:
Department of Microsystems Engineering and NanoPower Research Laboratories, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623
Matthew J. Ganter
Affiliation:
NanoPower Research Laboratories and Golisano Institute for Sustainability, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623
Brian J. Landi*
Affiliation:
NanoPower Research Laboratories, Golisano Institute for Sustainability, and Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623
Ryne P. Raffaelle
Affiliation:
Department of Microsystems Engineering, NanoPower Research Laboratories, Golisano Institute for Sustainability, and Department of Physics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

High-capacity thin-film germanium was coupled with free-standing single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) current collectors as a novel lithium ion battery anode. A series of Ge–SWCNT compositions were fabricated and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The lithium ion storage capacities of the anodes were measured to be proportional to the Ge weight loading, with a 40 wt% Ge–SWCNT electrode measuring 800 mAh/g. Full batteries comprising a Ge–SWCNT anode in concert with a LiCoO2 cathode have demonstrated a nominal voltage of 3.35 V and anode energy densities 3× the conventional graphite-based value. The higher observed energy density for Ge–SWCNT anodes has been used to calculate the relative improvement in full battery performance when capacity matched with conventional cathodes (e.g., LiCoO2, LiNiCoAlO2, and LiFePO4). The results show a >50% increase in both specific and volumetric energy densities, with values approaching 275 Wh/kg and 700 Wh/L.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Endo, M., Kim, C., Nishimura, K., Fujino, T., Miyashita, K.Recent development of carbon materials for Li ion batteries. Carbon 38, 183 (2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Kennedy, B., Patterson, D., Cammilleri, S.Use of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles. J. Power Sources 90, 156 (2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Takei, K., Ishihara, K., Kumai, K., Iwahori, T., Miyake, K., Nakatsu, T., Terada, N., Arai, N.Performance of large-scale secondary lithium batteries for electric vehicles and home-use load-leveling systems. J. Power Sources 119–121, 887 (2003)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Tominaka, S., Ohta, S., Obata, H., Momma, T., Osaka, T.On-chip fuel cell: Micro direct methanol fuel cell of air-breathing, membraneless, and monolithic design. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 10456 (2008)CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Laforge, B., Levan-Jodin, L., Salot, R., Billard, A.Study of germanium as electrode in thin-film battery. J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, (2)A181 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Beattie, S.D., Larcher, D., Morcrette, M., Simon, B., Tarascon, J-M.Si electrodes for Li-ion batteries—A new way to look at an old problem. J. Electrochem. Soc. 155, (2)A158 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Moon, T., Kim, C., Park, B.Electrochemical performance of amorphous-silicon thin films for lithium rechargable batteries. J. Power Sources 155, 391 (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Yoon, S., Park, C-M., Sohn, H-J.Electrochemical characterizations of germanium and carbon-coated germanium composite anode for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 11, (4)A42 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Chan, C.K., Zhang, X.F., Cui, Y.High capacity Li ion battery anodes using Ge nanowires. Nano Lett. 8, 307 (2008)CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Cui, L-F., Yang, Y., Hsu, C-M., Cui, Y.Carbon-silicon core-shell nanowires as high capacity electrode for lithium ion batteries. Nano Lett. 9, (9)3370 (2009)CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Landi, B.J., Ganter, M.J., Cress, C.D., DiLeo, R.A., Raffaelle, R.P.Carbon nanotubes for lithium ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2, 638 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Graetz, J., Ahn, C.C., Yazami, R., Fultz, B.Nanocrystalline and thin film germanium electrodes with high lithium capacity and high rate capabilities. J. Electrochem. Soc. 151, A698 (2004)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Landi, B.J., Ruf, H.J., Evans, C.M., Cress, C.D., Raffaelle, R.P.Purity assessment of single-wall carbon nanotubes, using optical absorption spectroscopy. J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 9952 (2005)CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Caldelas, P., Rolo, A.G., Gomes, M.J.M., Alves, E., Ramos, A.R., Conde, O., Yerci, S., Turan, R.Raman and XRD studies of Ge nanocrystals in alumina films grown by RF-magnetron sputtering. Vacuum 82, 1466 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar