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Formation of mixed oxide powders in flames: Part II. SiO2−GeO2 and Al2O3−TiO2

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Cheng-Hung Hung ,
Philippe F. Miquel  and
Joseph L. Katz
Cheng-Hung Hung
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
Philippe F. Miquel
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
Joseph L. Katz
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
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Abstract

SiO2−GeO2 and Al2O3−TiO2 mixed oxide powders were synthesized using a counterflow diffusion flame burner. SiCl4, GeCl4, Al(CH3)3, and TiCl4 were used as source materials for the formation of oxide particles in hydrogen-oxygen flames. In situ particle sizes were determined using dynamic light-scattering. Powders were collected using two different methods, a thermophoretic method (particles are collected onto carbon coated TEM grids) and an electrophoretic method (particles are collected onto stainless steel strips). Their size, morphology, and crystalline form were examined using a transmission electron microscope and an x-ray diffractometer. A photomultiplier at 90° to the argon ion laser beam was used to measure the light-scattering intensity. The formation of the mixed oxides was investigated using Si to Ge and Al to Ti ratios of 3:5 and 1:1, respectively. Heterogeneous nucleation of the SiO2 on the surface of the GeO2 was observed. In Al2O3−TiO2 mixtures, both oxide particles form at the same temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis of particles sampled at temperatures higher than 1553 K showed the presence of rutile, γ–Al2O3, and aluminum titanate. Although the particle formation process for SiO2−GeO2 is very different from that for Al2O3−TiO2, both mixed oxides result in very uniform mixtures.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 7 , Issue 7 , July 1992 , pp. 1870 - 1875
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1992

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