Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T16:58:49.611Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Enhanced photocatalytic activity in porphyrin-sensitized TiO2 nanorods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2017

Wei Zhang ,
Chen Wang ,
Xiao Liu  and
Jun Li
Wei Zhang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
Chen Wang*
Affiliation:
School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, People’s Republic of China
Xiao Liu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
Jun Li*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
*
b) e-mail: [email protected]
a) Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Two novel porphyrins (5,10,15,20-tetra(3-(carboethoxymethyleneoxy)phenyl)porphyrin, H2TEPp and 5,10,15,20-tetra(3-(carboxymethyleneoxy)phenyl)porphyrin, H2TCPp) and their copper(II) porphyrins (CuTEPp, CuTCPp) were synthesized. With these porphyrins, four new porphyrin-sensitized TiO2 nanorod composites (H2TEPp/TiO2, H2TCPp/TiO2, CuTEPp/TiO2, and CuTCPp/TiO2) were prepared and characterized by methods of XRD, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, UV-vis DRS, nitrogen adsorption–desorption and fluorescence spectra. Besides, the photocatalytic activity and stability of the composites were assessed in the degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). The results indicate that the morphologies and structures of these composites are less influenced by the loaded porphyrins or copper porphyrins compared with the nanorods TiO2 (anatase). The porphyrin or copper porphyrin molecules are confirmed to bond on the surface of TiO2 through carboxyl group, which is beneficial to the electron transfer between porphyrin and TiO2. All composites exhibit enhanced photoactivities compared with the bare TiO2 nanorods. The possible reason is that the recombination of photoproduced electron–hole has been controlled effectively in these composites, which can be seen from their decreased fluorescence emission. The stability results of composites show that they still hold considerable photocatalytic activities after six cycling experiments.

Keywords

photocatalystsTiO2porphyrincopper(II) porphyrinphotodegradation
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 32 , Issue 14 , 28 July 2017 , pp. 2773 - 2780
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Xiaobo Chen

References

REFERENCES

Lin, Z-Y., Li, L-H., Yu, L-L., Li, W-G., and Yang, G-W.: Modifying photocatalysts for solar hydrogen evolution based on the electron behavior. J. Mater. Chem. A 5, 5235 (2017).Google Scholar
Liu, X-Q., Iocozzia, J., Wang, Y., Cui, X., Chen, Y-H., Zhao, S-Q., Li, Z., and Lin, Z-Q.: Noble metal–metal oxide nanohybrids with tailored nanostructures for efficient solar energy conversion, photocatalysis and environmental remediation. Energy Environ. Sci. 10, 402 (2017).Google Scholar
Huang, H-W., Xiao, K., Yu, S-X., Dong, F., Zhang, T-R., and Zhang, Y-H.: Iodide surface decoration: A facile and efficacious approach to modulating the band energy level of semiconductors for high-performance visible-light photocatalysis. Chem. Commun. 52, 354 (2016).Google Scholar
Wenderich, K. and Mul, G.: Methods, mechanism, and applications of photodeposition in photocatalysis: A review. Chem. Rev. 116, 14587 (2016).Google Scholar
Muuronen, M., Parker, S.M., Berardo, E., Le, A., Zwijnenburg, M.A., and Furche, F.: Mechanism of photocatalytic water oxidation on small TiO2 nanoparticles. Chem. Sci. 8, 2179 (2017).Google Scholar
Schneider, J., Matsuoka, M., Takeuchi, M., Zhang, J-L., Horiuchi, Y., Anpo, M., and Bahnemann, D.W.: Understanding TiO2 photocatalysis: Mechanisms and materials. Chem. Rev. 114, 9919 (2014).Google Scholar
Ma, Y., Wang, X-L., Jia, Y-S., Chen, X-B., Han, H-X., and Li, C.: Titanium dioxide-based nanomaterials for photocatalytic fuel generations. Chem. Rev. 114, 9987 (2014).Google Scholar
Dahl, M., Liu, Y-D., and Yin, Y-D.: Composite titanium dioxide nanomaterials. Chem. Rev. 114, 9853 (2014).Google Scholar
Jiménez, J.M., Bourret, G.R., Berger, T., and McKenna, K.P.: Modification of charge trapping at particle/particle interfaces by electrochemical hydrogen doping of nanocrystalline TiO2 . J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138, 15956 (2016).Google Scholar
Asahi, R., Morikawa, T., Ohwaki, T., Aoki, K., and Taga, Y.: Visible-light photocatalysis in nitrogen-doped titanium oxides. Science 293, 269 (2001).Google Scholar
Yang, H-G., Sun, C-H., Qiao, S-Z., Zou, J., Liu, G., Smith, S.C., Cheng, H-M., and Lu, G-Q.: Anatase TiO2 single crystals with a large percentage of reactive facets. Nature 453, 638 (2008).Google Scholar
Yu, J-G., Low, J-X., Xiao, W., Zhou, P., and Jaroniec, M.: Enhanced photocatalytic CO2-reduction activity of anatase TiO2 by coexposed {001} and {101} facets. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 8839 (2014).Google Scholar
Pan, L., Zou, J-J., Zhang, X-W., and Wang, L.: Water-mediated promotion of dye sensitization of TiO2 under visible light. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 10000 (2011).Google Scholar
Urbani, M., Grätzel, M., Nazeeruddin, M.K., and Torres, T.: Meso-substituted porphyrins for dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem. Rev. 114, 12330 (2014).Google Scholar
Wen, P-H., Itoh, H., Tang, W-P., and Feng, Q.: Transformation of layered titanate nanosheets into nanostructured porous titanium dioxide in polycation solution. Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 116, 147 (2008).Google Scholar
Pan, J., Wu, X., Wang, L-Z., Liu, G., Lu, G-Q., and Cheng, H-M.: Synthesis of anatase TiO2 rods with dominant reactive {010} facets for the photoreduction of CO2 to CH4 and use in dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem. Commun. 47, 8361 (2011).Google Scholar
Wen, P-H., Itoh, H., Tang, W-P., and Feng, Q.: Single nanocrystals of anatase-type TiO2 prepared from layered titanate nanosheets: Formation mechanism and characterization of surface properties. Langmuir 23, 11782 (2007).Google Scholar
Morris, A.J., Marton, A., and Meyer, G.J.: Halide coordination to zinc porphyrinsensitizers anchored to nanocrystalline TiO2 . Inorg. Chem. 47, 7681 (2008).Google Scholar
Ren, X-B., Chen, M., and Qian, D-J.: Pd(II)-mediated triad multilayers with zinc tetrapyridylporphyrin and pyridine-functionalized nano-TiO2 as linkers: Assembly, characterization, and photocatalytic properties. Langmuir 28, 7717 (2012).Google Scholar
Zhao, X., Liu, X., Yu, M-M., Wang, C., and Li, J.: The highly efficient and stable Cu, Co, Zn-porphyrine TiO2 photocatalysts with heterojunction by using fashioned one-step method. Dyes Pigm. 136, 648 (2017).Google Scholar
Sun, W-J., Li, J., Lü, X-F., and Zhang, F-X.: Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of metalloporphyrins-modified TiO2 composites. Res. Chem. Intermed. 39, 1447 (2013).Google Scholar
Wang, C., Yang, G-M., Li, J., Mele, G., Slota, R., Broda, M.A., Duan, M-Y., Vasapollo, G., Zhang, X-F., and Zhang, F-X.: Novel meso-substituted porphyrins: Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of their TiO2-based composites. Dyes Pigm. 80, 321 (2009).Google Scholar
Yu, M-M., Li, J., Sun, W-J., Jiang, M., and Zhang, F-X.: Preparation, characterization, and photocatalytic properties of composite materials of copper(II) porphyrin/TiO2 . J. Mater. Sci. 49, 5519 (2014).Google Scholar
Yao, G-P., Li, J., Luo, Y., and Sun, W-J.: Efficient visible photodegradation of 4-nitrophenol in the presence of H2O2 by using a new copper(II) porphyrin–TiO2 photocatalyst. J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 361–362, 29 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, C., Li, J., Mele, G., Duan, M-Y., Lü, X-F., Palmisano, L., Vasapollo, G., and Zhang, F-X.: The photocatalytic activity of novel, substituted porphyrin/TiO2-based composites. Dyes Pigm. 84, 183 (2010).Google Scholar
Cochran, F.V., Wu, S.P., Wang, W., Nanda, V., Saven, J.G., Therien, M.J., and DeGrado, W.F.: Computational de novo design and characterization of a four-helix bundle protein that selectively binds a nonbiological cofactor. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 1346 (2005).Google Scholar
Duncan, T.V., Wu, S.P., and Therien, M.J.: Ethyne-bridged (porphinato) zinc(II)–(porphinato) iron(III) complexes: Phenomenological dependence of excited-state dynamics upon (porphinato) iron electronic structure. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 10423 (2006).Google Scholar
Adler, A.D., Longo, F.R., and Shergails, W.: Mechanistic investigations of porphyrin syntheses. I. Preliminary studies on ms-tetraphenylporphin. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 86, 3145 (1964).Google Scholar
Das, T., Chakraborty, S., Sarma, H.D., Banerjee, S., and Venakatesh, M.: A novel 177 Lu-labeled porphyrin for possible use in targeted tumor therapy. Nucl. Med. Biol. 37, 655 (2010).Google Scholar
Li, B-B., Zhao, Z-B., Gao, F., Wang, X-Z., and Qiu, J-S.: Mesoporous microspheres composed of carbon-coated TiO2 nanocrystals with exposed {001} facets for improved visible light photocatalytic activity. Appl. Catal., B 147, 958 (2014).Google Scholar
Wang, Y-X., Li, X-Y., Lu, G., Quan, X., and Chen, G-H.: Highly oriented 1-D ZnO nanorod arrays on zinc foil: Direct growth from substrate, optical properties and photocatalytic activities. J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 7332 (2008).Google Scholar
Baiju, K.V., Zachariah, A., Shukla, S., Biju, S., Reddy, M.L.P., and Warrier, K.G.K.: Correlating photoluminescence and photocatalytic activity of mixed-phase nanocrystalline titania. Catal. Lett. 130, 130 (2009).Google Scholar
Su, X-Q., Li, J., Zhang, Z-Q., Yu, M-M., and Yuan, L.: Cu(II) porphyrins modified TiO2 photocatalysts: Accumulated patterns of Cu(II) porphyrin molecules on the surface of TiO2 and influence on photocatalytic activity. J. Alloys Compd. 626, 252 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Zhang supplementary material

Zhang supplementary material

Download Zhang supplementary material(File)
File 2.3 MB