Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T03:23:02.137Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effects of reaction parameters on the electrochemical formation of multilayer films composed of manganese oxides and tetra-alkylammonium ions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Masaharu Nakayama*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube 755-8611, Japan
Masaki Fukuda
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube 755-8611, Japan
Sayaka Konishi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube 755-8611, Japan
Tsuyoshi Tonosaki
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube 755-8611, Japan
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Multilayered manganese oxide films were prepared on a platinum electrode by potentiostatic oxidation of aqueous Mn2+ ions in the presence of n-tetra-alkylammonium compounds. Alkylammonium cations were intercalated between manganese oxide layers to balance the negative layer charge. Effects of several preparative parameters such as the size of alkylammonium molecules, counteranions, and bath composition on the structure of products were investigated. The interlayer distance of the products increased with increasing alkyl chain length up to C4, and the change became obviously small among C4–C6 compounds. The multilayer formation was achieved only when the manganese concentration was lower than 10 mM, and the highest crystallinity was obtained from a bath composed of 2 mM manganese sulfate and 50 mM alkylammonium chloride. At low concentrations of alkylammonium (<10 mM), a product intercalated with hydrated protons was formed, in which the protons were generated by anodic oxidation of Mn2+ with H2O.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Motocha, C.J., Elzinga, E.J., Sparks, D.L.: Reactivity of Pb(II) at the Mn(III, IV) (oxyhydr)oxide–water interface. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35, 2967 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Cao, H., Suib, S.L.: Highly efficient heterogeneous photooxidation of 2-propanol to acetone with amorphous manganese oxide catalysts. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 5334 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Ammundsen, B., Paulsen, J.: Novel lithium-ion cathode materials based on layered manganese oxides. Adv. Mater. 13, 943 (2001).3.0.CO;2-J>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Lanson, B., Drits, V.A., Silvester, E., Manceau, A.: Structure of H-exchanged hexagonal birnessite and its mechanism of formation from Na-rich monoclinic buserite at low pH. Am. Mineral. 85, 826 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Luo, J., Suib, S.L.: Formation and transformation of mesoporous and layered manganese oxides in the presence of long-chain ammonium hydroxides. Chem. Commun. 1031 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Brock, S.L., Sanabria, M., Suib, S.L., Urban, V., Thiyagarajan, P., Potter, D.I.: Particle size control and self-assembly process in novel colloids of nanocrystalline manganese oxide. J. Phys. Chem. B 103, 7416 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Golden, D.C., Chen, C.C., Dixon, J.B.: Transformation of birnessite to buserite, todorokite, and manganite under mild hydrothermal treatment. Clays Clay Miner. 35, 271 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Ching, S., Petrovay, D.J., Jorgensen, M.L., Suib, S.L.: Synthesis of layered birnessite-type manganese oxides. Inorg. Chem. 36, 883 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Shen, Y.F., Suib, S.L., O’Young, C.L.: Effects of inorganic cation templates on octahedral molecular sieves of manganese oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 11020 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Luo, J., Huang, A., Park, S.H., Suib, S.L., O’Young, C.: Crystallization of sodium–birnessite and accompanied phase transformation. Chem. Mater. 10, 1561 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Therese, G.H.A., Kamath, P.V.: Electrochemical synthesis of metal oxides and hydroxides. Chem. Mater. 12, 1195 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Nakayama, M., Tanaka, A., Sato, Y., Tonosaki, T., Ogura, K.: Electrodeposition of manganese and molybdenum mixed oxide thin films and their charge storage properties. Langmuir 21, 5907 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Nakayama, M., Konishi, S., Tanaka, A., Ogura, K.: A novel electrochemical method for preparation of thin films of layered manganese oxides. Chem. Lett. (Jpn.) 33, 670 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Nakayama, M., Tagashira, H., Konishi, S., Ogura, K.: A direct electrochemical route to construct a polymer/manganese oxide layered structure. Inorg. Chem. 43, 8215 (2004).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Nakayama, M., Konishi, S., Tagashira, H., Ogura, K.: Electrochemical synthesis of layered manganese oxides intercalated with tetra-alkylammonium ions. Langmuir 21, 354 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.Nakayama, M., Komatsu, H., Ozuka, S., Ogura, K.: Immobilization of methylene blue between electrodeposited manganese oxide multilayers. Chem. Lett. (Jpn.) 34, 1420 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Nakayama, M., Tagashira, H.: Electrodeposition of layered manganese oxide nanocomposites intercalated with strong and weak polyelectrolytes. Langmuir 22, 3864 (2006).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Criss, C.M., Mastroianni, M.J.: Some observations on the viscosity coefficients of ions in various solvents. J. Phys. Chem. 75, 2532 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Saha, N., Das, B.: Viscosities of some symmetrical tetra-alkylammonium salts in acetonitrile (at 288.15, 298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K. J. Chem. Eng. Data 45, 1125 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Fink, J., Kiely, C.J., Bethell, D., Schiffrin, D.J.: Self-organization of nanosized gold particles. Chem. Mater. 10, 922 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Roobottom, H.K., Jenkins, D.B., Passmore, J., Glasser, L.: Thermochemical radii of complex ions. J. Chem. Educ. 76, 1570 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Holze, A.A. Rudolf: Ion size and size memory effects with electropolymerized polyaniline. Synth. Met. 131, 61 (2002).Google Scholar
23.Hasemi, T., Brinkman, A.W.: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of nickel manganese oxide thermisters. J. Mater. Res. 7, 1278 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Aronson, B.J., Blanford, C.F., Stein, A.: Synthesis, characterization, and ion-exchange properties of zinc and magnesium manganese oxides confined within MCM-41 channels. J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 449 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Zahr, A.S., Villiers, M., Pishko, M.V.: Encapsulation of drug nanoparticles in self-assembled macromolecular nanoshells. Langmuir 21, 403 (2005).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Kanoh, H., Tang, W., Makita, Y., Ooi, K.: Electrochemical intercalation of alkali-metal ions into birnessite-type manganese oxide in aqueous solution. Langmuir 13, 6845 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Chen, R., Zavalij, P., Whittingham, M.S.: Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of KxMnO2·y H2O Chem. Mater. 8, 1275 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Chigane, M., Ishikawa, M.: Manganese oxide thin film preparation by potentiostatic electrolysis and electrochromism. J. Electrochem. Soc. 147, 2246 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Toupin, M., Brouse, T., Blanger, D.: Charge storage mechanism of MnO2 electrode used in aqueous electrochemical capacitor. Chem. Mater. 16, 3184 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar