Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T01:53:07.806Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of Gd and Zr additions on the microstructures and high-temperature mechanical behavior of Mg–Gd–Y–Zr magnesium alloys in the product form of a large structural casting

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 October 2015

Yanlei Li ,
Guohua Wu ,
Antao Chen ,
H.R. Jafari Nodooshan ,
Wencai Liu ,
Yingxin Wang  and
Wenjiang Ding
Yanlei Li
Affiliation:
National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
Guohua Wu*
Affiliation:
National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
Antao Chen
Affiliation:
National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
H.R. Jafari Nodooshan
Affiliation:
National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
Wencai Liu
Affiliation:
National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; and Shanghai Light Alloy Net Forming National Engineering Research Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201615, People's Republic of China
Yingxin Wang
Affiliation:
National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China; and Shanghai Light Alloy Net Forming National Engineering Research Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201615, People's Republic of China
Wenjiang Ding
Affiliation:
National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The microstructures, high-temperature mechanical properties, and fracture behavior of Mg–Gd–Y–Zr alloy components produced by low-pressure sand casting with different Gd and Zr contents, have been investigated. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), tensile yield strength, and total elongation (EL) were measured within the 25–300 °C range. At the same temperatures, the UTS and yield strength (YS) of the T6 treated Mg–xGd–3Y–0.5Zr alloys increased with Gd content increasing from 9 to 11%, which was attributed to the improvement of precipitation strengthening. Increasing the Zr content from 0.3 to 0.5% leads to dramatic decrease in grain size and improved tensile properties of T6 treated Mg–10Gd–3Y–yZr alloys which is considered to be due to grain-boundary strengthening. With the increase of tensile temperature, both UTS and YS of the T6 treated Mg–xGd–3Y–yZr alloys initially increase and then decrease. The β′ precipitates provide important strengthening sources in experimental alloys, especially at elevated temperatures. The Mg–10Gd–3Y–0.5Zr alloy shows good combination of strength and EL within the 25–300 °C range.

Keywords

castingMgmicrostructure
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 30 , Issue 22 , 27 November 2015 , pp. 3461 - 3473
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Mordike, B.L. and Ebert, T.: Magnesium: Properties-application-potential. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 302(1), 37 (2001).Google Scholar
Luo, A.A.: Magnesium casting technology for structural applications. J. Magnesium Alloys 1(1), 2 (2013).Google Scholar
Carter, J.T., Melo, A.R., Savic, V., Hector, L.G. Jr., and Krajewski, P.E.: Structural evaluation of an experimental aluminum/magnesium decklid. SAE Int. J. Mater. Manuf. 4(1), 166 (2011).Google Scholar
Hirai, K., Somekawa, H., Takigawa, Y., and Higashi, K.: Effect of Ca and Sr addition on mechanical properties of a cast AZ91 magnesium alloy at room and elevated temperature. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 403(1–2), 276 (2005).Google Scholar
kondori, B. and Mahmudi, R.: Effect of Ca additions on the microstructure, thermal stability and mechanical properties of a cast AM60 magnesium alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A. 527(7–8), 2014 (2010).Google Scholar
Mahmudi, R., Kabirian, F., and Nematollahi, Z.: Microstructure stability and high-temperature mechanical properties of AZ91 and AZ91+2RE magnesium alloys. Mater. Des. 32(5), 2583 (2011).Google Scholar
Hono, K., Mendis, C.L., Sasaki, T.T., and Oh-ishi, K.: Towards the development of heat-treatable high-strength wrought Mg alloys. Scr. Mater. 60(7), 710 (2010).Google Scholar
Antoniswamy, A.R., Taleff, E.M., Hector, L.G. Jr., and Carter, J.T.: Plastic deformation and ductility of magnesium AZ31B-H24 alloy sheet from 22 to 450 °C. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 631, 1 (2015).Google Scholar
Nie, J.F. and Muddle, B.C.: Precipitation in magnesium alloy WE54 during isothermal ageing at 250 °C. Scr. Mater. 40(10), 1089 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anyanwu, I.A., Kamado, S., and Kojima, Y.: Aging characteristics and high temperature tensile properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys. Mater. Trans. 42(7), 1206 (2001).Google Scholar
He, S.M.: Study on the microstructure evolution, properties and fracture behavior of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr (Ca) alloys. Ph. D. Thesis School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2007.Google Scholar
Mu, Y.L., Wang, Q.D., Hu, M.L., Janik, V., and Yin, D.D.: Elevated-temperature impact toughness of Mg-(Gd,Y)-Zr alloy. Scr. Mater. 68(11), 885 (2013).Google Scholar
He, S.M., Zeng, X.Q., Peng, L.M., Gao, X., Nie, J.F., and Ding, W.J.: Precipitation in a Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr (wt.%) alloy during isothermal ageing at 250 °C. J. Alloys Compd. 421(1–2), 309 (2006).Google Scholar
He, S.M., Zeng, X.Q., Peng, L.M., Gao, X., Nie, J.F., and Ding, W.J.: Microstructure and strengthening mechanism of high strength Mg-10Gd-2Y-0.5Zr alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 427(1), 316 (2007).Google Scholar
Janik, V., Yin, D.D., Wang, Y.D., He, S.M., Chen, C.J., Chen, Z., and Boehlert, C.J.: The elevated-temperature mechanical behavior of peak-aged Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.4Zr alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A. 528(7–8), 3105 (2011).Google Scholar
Mordike, B.L.: Creep-resistant magnesium alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 324(1–2), 103 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Du, W.B., Wu, Y.F., Nie, Z.R., Su, X.K., and Zuo, T.Y.: Effects of rare earth and alkaline earth on magnesium alloys and their applications status. Rare Met. Mater. Eng. 35, 1345 (2013).Google Scholar
Li, J.L., Ma, Y.Q., Chen, R.S., and Ke, W.: Effects of shrinkage porosity on mechanical properties of a sand cast Mg-Y-RE (WE54) alloy. Mater. Sci. Forum 747–748, 390 (2013).Google Scholar
Wang, W., Huang, Y.G., Wu, G.H., Wang, Q.D., Sun, M., and Ding, W.J.: Influence of flux containing YCl3 additions on purifying effectiveness and properties of Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 480(2), 386 (2009).Google Scholar
Liu, W.C., Jiang, L.K., Cao, L., Mei, J., Wu, G.H., Zhang, S., Xiao, L., Wang, S.H., and Ding, W.J.: Fatigue behavior and plane-strain fracture toughness of sand-cast Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr magnesium alloy. Mater. Des. 59, 466 (2014).Google Scholar
Edler, F.J., Lagrené, G., and Siepe, R.: Thin-walled Mg structural parts by a low-pressure sand casting process. In Magnesium Alloys and Their Applications, Kainer, K.U. ed.; WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH: Weinheim, 2000; pp. 553–557.Google Scholar
Jafari Nodooshan, H.R., Liu, W.C., Wu, G.H., Rao, Y., Zhou, C.X., He, S.P., Ding, W.J., and Mahmudi, R.: Effect of Gd on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys under peak-aged condition. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 615, 79 (2014).Google Scholar
Liang, S.Q., Guan, D.K., Tan, X.P., Chen, L., and Tang, Y.: Effect of isothermal aging on the microstructure and properties of as-cast Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A. 528(3), 1589 (2011).Google Scholar
Wang, J., Meng, J., Zhang, D.P., and Tang, D.X.: Effect of Y for enhanced age hardening response and mechanical properties of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 456(1–2), 78 (2007).Google Scholar
Gao, L., Chen, R.S., and Han, E.H.: Effect of rare-earth elements Gd and Y on the solid solution strengthening of Mg alloys. J. Alloys Compd. 481(1–2), 379 (2009).Google Scholar
Jiang, L.K., Liu, W.C., Wu, G.H., and Ding, W.J.: Effect of chemical composition on the microstructure, tensile properties and fatigue behavior of sand-cast Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 612, 293 (2014).Google Scholar
Sun, M., Wu, G.H., Wang, W., and Ding, W.J.: Effect of Zr on the microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Mg-10Gd-3Ymagnesium alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 523(1–2), 145 (2009).Google Scholar
Fang, X.Y., Yi, D.Q., Nie, J.F., Zhang, X.J., Wang, B., and Xiao, L.R.: Effect of Zr, Mn and Sc additions on the grain size of Mg-Gd alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 470(1–2), 311 (2009).Google Scholar
Chang, J.W., Guo, X.W., He, S.M., Fu, P.H., Ping, L.M., and Ding, W.J.: Investigation of the corrosion for Mg-xGd-3Y-0.4Zr(x=6, 8, 10, 12 wt %) alloys in a peak-aged condition. Corros. Sci. 50(1), 166 (2008).Google Scholar
Zheng, K.Y., Dong, J., Zeng, X.Q., and Ding, W.J.: Effect of precipitation aging on the fracture behavior of Mg-11Gd-2Nd-0.4Zr cast alloy. Mater. Charact. 59(7), 857 (2008).Google Scholar
Li, D.Q., Wang, Q.D., and Ding, W.J.: Characterization of phase in Mg-4Y-4Sm-0.5Zr alloy processed by heat treatment. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 428(1–2), 295 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qian, M. and Das, A.: Grain refinement of magnesium alloys by zirconium: Formation of equiaxed grains. Scr. Mater. 54(5), 881 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emley, E.E.: Principles of Magnesium Technology (Pergamon. Press, Pergamon, Oxford, England, 1966); p. 126.Google Scholar
Peng, Z.K., Zhang, X.M., Chen, J.M., Xiao, Y., and Jiang, H.: Grain refining mechanism in Mg-9Gd-4Y alloys by zirconium. Mater. Sci. Technol. 21(6), 722 (2005).Google Scholar
Nie, J.F.: Effects of precipitate shape and orientation on dispersion strengthening in magnesium alloys. Scr. Mater. 48(8), 109 (2003).Google Scholar
Peng, Q.M., Wu, Y.M., Fang, D.Q., Meng, J., and Wang, L.M.: Mircostructure and properties of Mg-7Gd alloy containing Y. J. Alloys Compd. 430(1–2), 250 (2007).Google Scholar
APPs, P.J., Karimzadeh, H., King, J.F., and Lorimer, G.W.: Precipitation reactions in magnesium-rare earth alloys containing yttrium, gadolinium or dysprosium. Scr. Mater. 48(8), 1023 (2003).Google Scholar
Yasi, J.A., Hector, L.G. Jr., and Trinkle, D.R: First-principles data for solid-solution strengthening of magnesium: From geometry and chemistry to properties. Acta Mater. 58(17), 5704 (2010).Google Scholar
Yasi, J.A., Hector, L.G. Jr., and Trinkle, D.R: Prediction of thermal cross-slip stress in magnesium alloys from direct first-principles data. Acta Mater. 59(14), 5652 (2011).Google Scholar
Yasi, J.A., Hector, L.G. Jr., and Trinkle, D.R: Prediction of thermal cross-slip stress in magnesium alloys from a geometric interaction model. Acta Mater. 60(5), 2350 (2012).Google Scholar
Zhang, K., Li, X.G., Li, Y.J., and Ma, M.L.: Effect of Gd content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Y-RE-Zr alloys. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 18(1), 12 (2008).Google Scholar
Koike, J., Ohyama, R., Kobayashi, T., Suzuki, M., and Maruyama, K.: Grain-boundary sliding in AZ31 magnesium alloys at room temperature to 523 K. Mater. Trans. 44(4), 445 (2003).Google Scholar
Yin, D.D., Wang, Q.D., Gao, Y., Chen, C.J., and Zheng, J.: Effects of heat treatments on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-11Y-5Gd-2Zn-0.5Zr (wt.%) alloy. J. Alloys Compd. 509(5), 1396 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, L., Chen, R.S., and Han, E.H.: Fracture behavior of high strength Mg-Gd-Y-Zr magnesium alloy. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China 20(7), 1217 (2010).Google Scholar
Barnett, M.R.: Twinning and ductility of magnesium alloys part I: “Tension” twin. Mater. Sci. Eng., A. 464(1–2), 1 (2007).Google Scholar
Shi, X.Y., Luo, A.A., Sutton, S.C., Zeng, L., Wang, S.Y., Zeng, X.Q., Li, D.J., and Ding, W.J.: Twinning behavior and lattice rotation in a Mg-Gd-Y-Zr alloy under ballistic impact. J. Alloys Compd. 650, 622 (2015).Google Scholar