Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T14:15:18.911Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of two-step doping pathway on the morphology, structure, composition, and electrochemical performance of three-dimensional N,S-codoped graphene framework

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 April 2019

Liang Chen ,
Mengting Shi ,
Binhong He ,
Minjie Zhou ,
Chenxi Xu ,
Zhengu Chen  and
Yafei Kuang
Liang Chen*
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
Mengting Shi
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
Binhong He
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
Minjie Zhou
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
Chenxi Xu
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China; and State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
Zhengu Chen
Affiliation:
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Science and Technology, Yueyang 414006, China
Yafei Kuang*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
*
a)Address all correspondence to these authors. e-mail: [email protected]
b)e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Heteroatom-doped carbon plays a vital role in the field of energy storage and conversion, and the synthesis of them has intimate relation with doping pathways. In this work, a facile two-step doping pathway, i.e., hydrothermal method followed by thermal annealing process, was employed to prepare annealed three-dimensional N,S-codoped graphene framework (3D A-NSG). The morphology, structure, composition, and related electrochemical performance were all studied. The results showed that A-NSG possessed typical 3D thin nanosheets, much increased specific surface area and structural defects, strengthened conductivity, and optimized N and S configurations (especially for dominated pyridinic N as well as graphitic N and –C–S–C–). As a result, A-NSG presented much better capacitance and oxygen reduction reaction performance than the counterparts. Apparently, our work offers a good guidance on the synthesis of advanced heteroatom-doped carbon materials by adjusting the doping strategy.

Keywords

energy storagenanoscalesurface chemistry
Type
Article
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 34 , Issue 12 , 28 June 2019 , pp. 1993 - 2002
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

c)

These authors contributed equally to this work.

References

Bonaccorso, F., Colombo, L., Yu, G.H., Stoller, M., Tozzini, V., Ferrari, A.C., Ruoff, R.S., and Pellegrini, V.: Related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems for energy conversion and storage. Science 347, 1246501 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meng, F.C., Lu, W.B., Li, Q.W., Byun, J.H., Oh, Y., and Chou, T.W.: Graphene-based fibers: A review. Adv. Mater. 27, 5113 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhou, X.J., Qiao, J.L., Yang, L., and Zhang, J.J.: A review of graphene-based nanostructural materials for both catalyst supports and metal-free catalysts in PEM fuel cell oxygen reduction reactions. Adv. Energy Mater. 4, 1301523 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Voiry, D., Yang, J., Kupferberg, J., Fullon, R., Lee, C., Jeong, H.Y., Shin, H.S., and Chhowalla, M.: High-quality graphene via microwave reduction of solution-exfoliated graphene oxide. Science 353, 1413 (2016).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sadeghinezhad, E., Mehrali, M., Saidur, R., Mehrali, M., Latibari, S.T., Akhiani, A.R., and Metselaar, H.S.C.: A comprehensive review on graphene nanofluids: Recent research, development and applications. Energy Convers. Manage. 111, 466 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hummers, W.S. Jr. and Offeman, R.E.: Preparation of graphitic oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80, 1339 (1958).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dou, S., Tao, L., Huo, J., Wang, S.Y., and Dai, L.M.: Etched and doped Co9S8/graphene hybrid for oxygen electrocatalysis. Energy Environ. Sci. 9, 1320 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, X., Wang, J., Wang, D.L., Dou, S., Ma, Z.L., Wu, J.H., Tao, L., Shen, A.L., Ouyang, C.B., Liu, Q.H., and Wang, S.Y.: One-pot synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped graphene as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Chem. Commun. 50, 4839 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, L., Zhou, H.H., Wei, S.D., Chen, Z.X., Huang, Z., Huang, Z.Y., Zhang, C.P., and Kuang, Y.F.: Facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped unzipped carbon nanotubes and their electrochemical properties. RSC Adv. 5, 8175 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, D.W. and Su, D.S.: Heterogeneous nanocarbon materials for oxygen reduction reaction. Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 576 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, L., Feng, J.R., Zhou, H.H., Fu, C.P., Wang, G.C., Yang, L.M., Xu, C.X., Chen, Z.X., Yang, W.J., and Kuang, Y.F.: Hydrothermal preparation of nitrogen, boron co-doped curved graphene nanoribbons with high dopant amounts for high-performance lithium sulfur battery cathodes. J. Mater. Chem. A 5, 7403 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yan, D.F., Li, Y.X., Huo, J., Chen, R., Dai, L.M., and Wang, S.Y.: Defect chemistry of nonprecious-metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reactions. Adv. Mater. 29, 1606459 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xia, Y., Fang, R.Y., Xiao, Z., Huang, H., Gan, Y.P., Yang, R.J., Lu, X.H., Liang, C., Zhang, J., Tao, X.Y., and Zhang, W.K.: Confining sulfur in N-doped porous carbon microspheres derived from microalgaes for advanced lithium–sulfur batteries. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 23782 (2017).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, M.B., Zhou, H.H., Yang, W.J., Chen, L., Huang, Z., Zhang, N.S., Fu, C.P., and Kuang, Y.F.: Co9S8 nanoparticles embedded in a N,S co-doped graphene-unzipped carbon nanotube composite as a high performance electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. J. Mater. Chem. A 5, 1014 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, D., Fu, C.P., Zhang, N.S., Zhou, H.H., and Kuang, Y.F.: Three-dimensional porous nitrogen doped graphene hydrogel for high energy density supercapacitors. Electrochim. Acta 213, 291 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, D., Fu, C.P., Zhang, N.S., Li, Y.L., Zhou, H.H., and Kuang, Y.F.: Porous nitrogen-doped graphene for high energy density supercapacitors in an ionic liquid electrolyte. J. Solid State Electrochem. 21, 759 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gong, K.P., Du, F., Xia, Z.H., Durstock, M., and Dai, L.M.: Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube arrays with high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction. Science 323, 760 (2009).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, X.L., Wang, H.L., Robinson, J.T., Sanchez, H., Diankov, G., and Dai, H.J.: Simultaneous nitrogen doping and reduction of graphene oxide. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 15939 (2009).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Higgins, D., Zamani, P., Yu, A.P., and Chen, Z.W.: The application of graphene and its composites in oxygen reduction electrocatalysis: A perspective and review of recent progress. Energy Environ. Sci. 9, 357 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, H., Maiyalagan, T., and Wang, X.: Review on recent progress in nitrogen-doped graphene: Synthesis, characterization, and its potential applications. ACS Catal. 2, 781 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Su, Y.Z., Zhang, Y., Zhuang, X.D., Li, S., Wu, D.Q., Zhang, F., and Feng, X.L.: Low-temperature synthesis of nitrogen/sulfur co-doped three-dimensional graphene frameworks as efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. Carbon 62, 296 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, Z.S., Winter, A., Chen, L., Sun, Y., Turchanin, A., Feng, X.L., and Müllen, K.: Three-dimensional nitrogen and boron co-doped graphene for high-performance all-solid-state supercapacitors. Adv. Mater. 24, 5130 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, Z.S., Sun, Y., Tan, Y.Z., Yang, S.B., Feng, X.L., and Mullen, K.: Three-dimensional graphene-based macro-and mesoporous frameworks for high-performance electrochemical capacitive energy storage. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134, 19532 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, L., Chen, Z.X., Huang, Z., Huang, Z.Y., Wang, Y.F., Li, H.X., Zhou, H.H., and Kuang, Y.F.: Influence of carbon precursors on the structure, composition, and oxygen reduction reaction performance of nitrogen-doped carbon materials. J. Phys. Chem. C 119, 28757 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, L.M., Chen, Z.L., Cui, D., Luo, X.B., Liang, B., Yang, L.X., Liu, T., Wang, A.J., and Luo, S.L.: Ultrafine palladium nanoparticles supported on 3D self-supported Ni foam for cathodic dechlorination of florfenicol. Chem. Eng. J. 359, 894 (2019).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, G.M., Paek, E., Hwang, G.S., and Manthiram, A.: Long-life Li/polysulphide batteries with high sulphur loading enabled by lightweight three-dimensional nitrogen/sulphur-co doped graphene sponge. Nat. Commun. 6, 7760 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maiti, U.N., Lee, W.J., Lee, J.M., Oh, Y., Kim, J.Y., Kim, J.E., Shim, J., Han, T.H., and Kim, S.O.: 25th anniversary article: Chemically modified/doped carbon nanotubes & graphene for optimized nanostructures & nanodevices. Adv. Mater. 26, 40 (2014).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, Z.W., Higgins, D., Yu, A.P., Zhang, L., and Zhang, J.J.: A review on non-precious metal electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cells. Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 3167 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, Z., Liao, Z.W., Yang, W.J., Zhou, H.H., Fu, C.P., Gong, Y., Chen, L., and Kuang, Y.F.: Different types of nitrogen species in nitrogen-doped carbon material: the formation mechanism and catalytic role on oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochim. Acta 245, 957 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheng, Z.H., Shao, L., Chen, J.J., Bao, W.J., Wang, F.B., and Xia, X.H.: Catalyst-free synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene via thermal annealing graphite oxide with melamine and its excellent electrocatalysis. ACS Nano 5, 4350 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, Z.Y., Waller, G., Liu, Y., Liu, M.L., and Wong, C.P.: Facile synthesis of nitrogen-doped graphene via pyrolysis of graphene oxide and urea, and its electrocatalytic activity toward the oxygen-reduction reaction. Adv. Energy Mater. 2, 884 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zheng, B., Wang, J., Wang, F.B., and Xia, X.H.: Synthesis of nitrogen doped graphene with high electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction. Electrochem. Commun. 28, 24 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liang, J., Jiao, Y., Jaroniec, M., and Qiao, S.Z.: Sulfur and nitrogen dual-doped mesoporous graphene electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction with synergistically enhanced performance. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 51, 11496 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lu, S.T., Chen, Y., Wu, X.H., Wang, Z.D., and Li, Y.: Three-dimensional sulfur/graphene multifunctional hybrid sponges for lithium-sulfur batteries with large areal mass loading. Sci. Rep. 4, 4629 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
He, B.H., Li, G.Y., Chen, L., Chen, Z.G., Jing, M.J., Zhou, M.J., Zhou, N.B., Zeng, J.H., and Hou, Z.H.: A facile N doping strategy to prepare mass-produced pyrrolic N-enriched carbon fibers with enhanced lithium storage properties. Electrochim. Acta 278, 106 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, L., Zhou, H.H., Fu, C.P., Chen, Z.X., Xu, C.X., and Kuang, Y.F.: Chemical modification of pristine carbon nanotubes and their exploitation as the carbon hosts for lithium–sulfur batteries. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 41, 21850 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wen, Z.H., Wang, X.C., Mao, S., Bo, Z., Kim, H., Cui, S.M., Lu, G.H., Feng, X.L., and Chen, J.H.: Crumpled nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets with ultrahigh pore volume for high-performance supercapacitor. Adv. Mater. 24, 5610 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, S., Zhu, J.W., Wu, X.D., Han, Q.F., and Wang, X.: Graphene oxide-MnO2 nanocomposites for supercapacitors. ACS Nano 4, 2822 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Qu, L.T., Liu, Y., Baek, J.B., and Dai, L.M.: Nitrogen-doped graphene as efficient metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction in fuel cells. ACS Nano 4, 1321 (2010).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, Y.J., Fan, J.M., Zheng, M.S., and Dong, Q.F.: A novel synergistic composite with multi-functional effects for high-performance Li–S batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 9, 1998 (2016).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, H.Y., Sun, C.H., Jin, Z., Wang, D.W., Yan, X.C., Chen, Z.G., Zhu, G.S., and Yao, X.D.: Carbon for the oxygen reduction reaction: A defect mechanism. J. Mater. Chem. A 3, 11736 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, D.H., Jia, Y., Chang, G.J., Chen, J., Liu, H.W., Wang, J.C., Hu, Y.F., Xia, Y.Z., Yang, D.J., and Yao, X.D.: A defect-driven metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction in acidic electrolyte. Chem 4, 2345 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, L., Chen, Z.X., Huang, Z., Wang, Y.F., Zhou, H.H., and Kuang, Y.F.: A nitrogen-doped unzipped carbon nanotube/sulfur composite as an advanced cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries. New J. Chem. 39, 8901 (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeong, H.M., Lee, J.W., Shin, W.H., Choi, Y.J., Shin, H.J., Kang, J.K., and Choi, J.W.: Nitrogen-doped graphene for high-performance ultracapacitors and the importance of nitrogen-doped sites at basal planes. Nano Lett. 11, 2472 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, L., Chen, Z.G., Kuang, Y.F., Xu, C.X., Yang, L.M., Zhou, M.J., He, B.H., Jing, M.J., Li, Z., Li, F.Y., Chen, Z.X., and Hou, Z.H.: Edge-rich quasi-mesoporous nitrogen-doped carbon framework derived from palm tree bark hair for electrochemical applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 27047 (2018).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, X., Zhang, Z., Qu, Y.H., Lai, Y.Q., and Li, J.: Nitrogen-doped graphene/sulfur composite as cathode material for high capacity lithium–sulfur batteries. J. Power Sources 256, 361 (2014).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, Z., Yao, Z., Li, G.F., Fang, G.Y., Nie, H.G., Liu, Z., Zhou, X.M., Chen, X.A., and Huang, S.M.: Sulfur-doped graphene as an efficient metal-free cathode catalyst for oxygen reduction. ACS Nano 6, 205 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, W.J., Chen, Z.T., Guo, X.L., Jin, K., Wang, Y.X., Li, L., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z.M., Sun, L.T., and Zhang, T.: N/S co-doped three-dimensional graphene hydrogel for high performance supercapacitor. Electrochim. Acta 278, 51 (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lai, L.F., Potts, J.R., Zhan, D., Wang, L., Poh, C.K., Tang, C.H., Gong, H., Shen, Z.X., Lin, J.Y., and Ruoff, R.S.: Exploration of the active center structure of nitrogen-doped graphene-based catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction. Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 7936 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sui, Z.Y., Meng, Y.N., Xiao, P.W., Zhao, Z.Q., Wei, Z.X., and Han, B.X.: Nitrogen-doped graphene aerogels as efficient supercapacitor electrodes and gas adsorbents. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 1431 (2015).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Xin, G.X., Wang, M.M., Zhang, W.H., Song, J.L., and Zhang, B.W.: Preparation of high-capacitance N,S co-doped carbon nanospheres with hierarchical pores as supercapacitors. Electrochim. Acta 8, 137 (2018).Google Scholar
Yang, W.J., Zhou, H.H., Huang, Z., Li, H.X., Fu, C.P., Chen, L., Li, M.B., Liu, S.S., and Kuang, Y.F.: In situ growth of single-stranded like poly(o-phenylenediamine) onto graphene for high performance supercapacitors. Electrochim. Acta 245, 41 (2017).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, Z.Y., Song, M., Ding, Y., Liu, Y., Liu, M.L., and Wong, C.: Facile preparation of nitrogen-doped graphene as a metal-free catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14, 3381 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: File

Chen et al. supplementary material

Chen et al. supplementary material 1

Download Chen et al. supplementary material(File)
File 3.1 MB