Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T17:09:09.429Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of Processing Temperature on the Morphology of Hydrothermally Derived Barium Titanate/polymer Thin Films

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

David E. Collins  and
Elliott B. Slamovich
David E. Collins
Affiliation:
School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
Elliott B. Slamovich
Affiliation:
School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
Get access

Abstract

Thin-film composites of BaTiO3 particles in a polymeric matrix were processed by reacting films of a titanium alkoxide, mixed with a polybutadiene-polystyrene triblock copolymer, in aqueous solutions of 1.0 M Ba(OH)2 at temperatures ranging from 60 to 90 °. After reaction, the composite films displayed distinct surface and subsurface morphologies. The film surface consisted of a continuous layer of BaTiO3 grains, the film grain size decreasing from 180 to 60 nm as the reaction temperature increased from 60 to 90 °. The subsurface growth of BaTiO3 depended on the presence of a percolating network of hydrolyzed titanium alkoxide, which enabled the reaction solution to permeate throughout the thin film. The resulting subsurface film morphology was composed of segregated regions of BaTiO3 particles dispersed throughout the polymeric matrix. The growth of subsurface BaTiO3 particles appeared to be constrained by the polymer matrix, resulting in a subsurface particle size of approximately 5 to 10 nm that was independent of the hydrothermal processing temperature. The reacted films displayed a dielectric constant ranging from 10 to 15 at room temperature and a frequency of 10 kHz.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 15 , Issue 8 , August 2000 , pp. 1834 - 1841
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Zhang, Y., Prasad, P., and Burzynski, R., Chem. Mater. 4, 851 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Wang, B. and Wilkes, G.L., J. Poly. Sci. A 29, 905 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Gregorio, R., Cestari, M., and Bernardino, F.E., J. Mater. Sci. 31, 2925 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Tripathi, A.K., Sekar, R., and Pillai, P.K.C, Mater. Lett. 9, 24 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Hu, K.A., Moffatt, D., Runt, J., Safari, A., and Newnham, R., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 70, 583 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Yoshikawa, S., Ota, T., Newnham, R., and Amin, A., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73, 263 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Schmidt, H. and Wolter, H., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 121, 428 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Calvert, P. and Mann, S., J. Mater. Sci. 23, 3801 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Moon, J., Kerchner, J.A., Krarup, H., and Adair, J.H., J. Mater. Res. 14, 425 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Dawson, W.J., Ceram. Bull. 67, 1673 (1988).Google Scholar
11.Lencka, M.M. and Riman, R.E., Chem. Mater. 5, 61 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Roeder, R.K. and Slamovich, E.B., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82, 1665 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Slamovich, E. and Aksay, I., in Better Ceramics Through Chemistry VI, edited by Cheetham, A.K., Brinker, C.J., Mecartney, M.L., and Sanchez, C. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 346, Pittsburgh, PA, 1994), p. 63.Google Scholar
14.Sobon, C.A., Bowen, H.K., Broad, A., and Calvert, P.D., J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 6, 901 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Mark, J.E., in Ultrastructure Processing of Advanced Ceramics, edited by MacKenzie, J.D. and Ulrich, D.R. (Wiley, New York, 1988), p. 623.Google Scholar
16.Cullity, B.D., Elements of X-ray Diffraction, 2nd ed. (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1978), pp. 284–292.Google Scholar
17.Hennings, D. and Schreinemacher, S., J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 9, 41 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Collins, D.E., Ph.D. Thesis, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN (1999).Google Scholar
19.Nyquist, R. and Kagel, R., Infrared Spectra of Inorganic Compounds (3800–45 cm-1) (Academic Press, New York, 1971).Google Scholar
20.Burdon, J.W. and Calvert, P., in Materials Synthesis Based on Biological Processing, edited by Alper, M., Calvert, P., Frankel, R., Rieke, P., and Tirrell, D. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 218, Pittsburgh, PA, 1991), p. 203.Google Scholar
21.Collins, D.E. and Slamovich, E.B., Chem. Mater. 11, 2319 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Bates, F.S. and Fredrickson, G.H., Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 41, 525 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Bates, F.S., Science 251, 898 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Chan, Y.N.C, Craig, G.S.W, Schrock, R.R., and Cohen, R.E., Chem. Mater. 4, 885 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Lee, T., Yao, N., and Aksay, I.A., Langmuir 13, 3966 (1997).Google Scholar
26.Slamovich, E.B. and Aksay, I.A. (unpublished).Google Scholar
27.Bogush, G.H. and Zukoski, C.K., J. Colloid Interface Sci. 142, 19 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Look, J-L. and Zukoski, C.F., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 78, 21 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.Edelson, L.H. and Glaeser, A.M., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 71, 225 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Slamovich, E. and Aksay, I., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79, 239 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Avrami, M., J. Chem. Phys. 7, 1103 (1939).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Williamson, G.K. and Hall, W.H., Acta Metall. 1, 22 (1953).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Snyder, R.L., in The Rietveld Method, edited by Young, R.A. (Oxford University Press, New York, 1993), pp. 111–131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Moon, J., Li, T., Randall, C.A., and Adair, J.H., J. Mater. Res. 12, 189 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Bowen, C.P., Newnham, R.E., and Randall, C.A., J. Mater. Res. 13, 205 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar