Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T21:19:52.870Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effect of graphitic filler size and shape on the microstructure, electrical percolation behavior and thermal properties of nanostructured multilayered carbon films deposited onto paper substrates

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 December 2013

Rachel L. Muhlbauer
Affiliation:
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245
Timothy L. Pruyn
Affiliation:
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245
Waylon T. Puckett
Affiliation:
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245
Rosario A. Gerhardt*
Affiliation:
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Dispersions containing 1 mg/mL of several carbon nanomaterials were used to deposit films containing 1 to 20 layers. The electrical properties of the composite films were characterized via impedance spectroscopy along two directions: in-plane on the film topmost surface and also through the thickness. It was found that carbon black nanoparticles never achieved full in-plane interconnection while the multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) and single-walled carbon nanotube were already percolated at one layer. Graphite flakes showed a complete percolation curve that allowed its resistance to change by 6–7 orders of magnitude. The differences in the microstructure, electrical response, and thermal decomposition behavior of these carbon nanomaterial–paper substrate films were explained by detailed equivalent circuit analysis of the impedance spectra. Interpretation was supplemented by scanning electron microscopy images and thermal analysis via Differential Scanning Calorimetry/Thermogravimetric Analysis (DSC/TGA). Thru-plane electrical properties were for the most part similar, although only films with short MWNT showed a clearly infiltrated network structure.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Iijima, S.: Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 354, 56 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Iijima, S. and Ichihashi, T.: Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter. Nature 363, 603 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tobjork, D. and Osterbacka, R.: Paper electronics. Adv. Mater. 23, 1935 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, L., Choi, J.W., Yang, Y., Jeong, S., La Mantia, F., Cui, L-F., and Cui, Y.: Highly conductive paper for energy storage devices. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106, 21490 (2009).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zheng, G., Hu, L., Wu, H., Xie, X., and Cui, Y.: Paper supercapacitors by a solvent-free drawing method. Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 3368 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weng, Z., Su, Y., Wang, D-W., Li, F., Du, J., and Cheng, H-M.: Graphene-cellulose paper flexible supercapacitors. Adv. Energy Mater. 1, 917 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nery, E.W. and Kubota, L.T.: Sensing approaches on paper-based devices: A review. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 405, 7537 (2013).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lyth, S.M. and Silva, S.R.P.: Field emission from multiwall carbon nanotubes on paper substrates. Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 173124 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barr, M.C., Rowehl, J.A., Lunt, R.R., Xu, J., Wang, A., Boyce, C.M., Im, S.G., Bulovic, V., and Gleason, K.K.: Direct monolithic integration of organic photovoltaic circuits on unmodified paper. Adv. Mater. 23, 3500 (2011).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zheng, G., Cui, Y., Karabulut, E., Wagberg, L., Zhu, H., and Hu, L.: Nanostructured paper for flexible energy and electronic devices. MRS Bull. 38, 320 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fortunato, E., Correia, N., Barquinha, P., Pereira, L., Gonçalves, G., and Martins, R.: High-performance flexible hybrid field-effect transistors based on cellulose fiber paper. IEEE Electron Device Lett. 29, 988 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, C.Q., Thio, Y.S., and Gerhardt, R.A.: Conductive paper fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly of polyelectrolytes and ITO nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 19, 505603 (2008).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, S.W., Kim, B.S., Chen, S., Shao-Horn, Y., and Hammond, P.T.: Layer by layer assembly of all carbon nanotube ultrathin films for electrochemical applications. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 671 (2009).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gittleson, F.S., Kohn, D.J., Li, X., and Taylor, A.D.: Improving the assembly speed, quality, and tunability of thin conductive multilayers. ACS Nano 6, 3703 (2012).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, L., Chen, K., Peng, C., and Gerhardt, R.A.: Highly conductive paper fabricated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) by unidirectional drying. J. Mater. Sci. 46, 6648 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanaka, T., Sano, E., Imai, M., and Akiyama, K.: Electrical conductivity of carbon-nanotube/cellulose composite paper. J. Appl. Phys. 107, 054307 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hong, J., Park, D.W., and Shim, S.E.: Electrical, thermal, and rheological properties of carbon black and carbon nanotube dual filler-incorporated poly (dimethylsiloxane) nanocomposites. Macromol. Res. 20, 465 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, D., Yan, L., Chen, W., Li, W., and Bangal, P.R.: Cellulose/graphite oxide composite films with improved mechanical properties over a wide range of temperature. Carbohydr. Polym. 83, 966 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muhlbauer, R.L. and Gerhardt, R.A.: Determining in-plane and thru-plane percolation thresholds for carbon nanotube thin films deposited on paper substrates using impedance spectroscopy (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1549, 2013). mrss13-1549-p10-09. doi:10.1557/opl.2013.1032.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muhlbauer, R.L., Joshi, S.M., and Gerhardt, R.A.: The effect of substrate pore size on the network interconnectivity and electrical properties of dropcasted multiwalled carbon nanotube thin films. J. Mater. Res. 28, 1617 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muhlbauer, R.L. and Gerhardt, R.A.: Quantification of structure and relationship to surface electrical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube thin films deposited on paper substrates. J. Mater. Res. (2013). Submitted.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrett, M.P.: Single walled carbon nanotube networks as transparent conductors. Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 2009.Google Scholar
Ou, R., Gupta, S., Parker, C.A., and Gerhardt, R.A.: Fabrication and electrical conductivity of PMMA/CB composites: Comparison between an ordered carbon black-nanowire segregated structure and a randomly dispersed carbon black nanostructure. J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 22362 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de Heer, W.A., Bacsa, W.S., Chatelain, A., Gerfin, T., Humphrey-Baker, R., Forro, L., and Ugarte, D.: Aligned carbon nanotube films: Production and optical and electronic properties. Science 268, 845 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerhardt, R.A.: Impedance, and dielectric spectroscopy of nanoparticulate films and composites. In Nanotechnology 2013: Advanced Materials, CNTs, Particles, Films and Composites (Volume 1), NSTI, ed; CRCPress: Boca Raton FL, 2013; p. 167.Google Scholar
Gerhardt, R.A.: Impedance and mobility spectra. In Encyclopedia of Condensed Matter Physics, Bassani, F., Liedl, G.L., and Wyder, P. ed.; Elsevier: New York, 2005; p. 350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brug, G.J., van den Eeden, A.L.G., Sluyters-Rehbach, M., and Sluyters, J.H.: The analysis of electrode impedances complicated by the presence of a constant phase element. J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem. 176, 275 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garrett, M.P., Ivanov, I.N., Gerhardt, R.A., Puretsky, A.A., and Geohegan, D.B.: Separation of junction and bundle resistance in single wall carbon nanotube percolation networks by impedance spectroscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 163105 (2010).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuhrer, M.S., Nygard, J., Shih, L., Forero, M., Yoon, Y-G., Mazzoni, M.S.C., Choi, H.J., Ihm, J., Louie, S.G., Zettl, A., and McEuen, P.L.: Crossed nanotube junctions. Science 288, 494 (2000).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hone, J.: Carbon nanotubes: Thermal properties. In Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Dekker, M. ed.; Marcel Dekker Inc.: New York, 2004; p. 603.Google Scholar