Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T10:03:13.020Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Determination of the internal stress and dislocation velocity stress exponent with indentation stress relaxation test

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

B.X. Xu*
Affiliation:
School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China
X.M. Wang
Affiliation:
School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China
Z.F. Yue
Affiliation:
School of Mechanics, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Indentation stress relaxation tests were carried out on high-purity polycrystalline copper specimens at room temperature with a flat cylindrical indenter. The experimental results showed that the resulting load-time relaxation curves can be described by a power law, which coupled an internal stress and an integral constant between the effective stress and relaxation time. Then the internal stress, integral constant, and dislocation velocity stress exponent can be extracted from load relaxation curves. The derived values from this way were consistent with the results of conventional uniaxial compression stress relaxation tests. These agreements are not only useful to understand deformation (dislocation) mechanisms under the indenter, but also exhibit an attractive potential of measuring nano/micromechanical properties of materials by indentation test.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Li, J.C.M.: Dislocation dynamics in deformation and recovery. Can. J. Phys. 45, 493 1967Google Scholar
2Amodeo, R.J.Ghoniem, N.M.: Dislocation dynamics: Part I—A proposed methodology for deformation micromechanics. Phys. Rev. B 41, 6958 1990CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3Seeger, A.: Progress and problems in the understanding of the dislocation relaxation processes in metals. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 370, 50 2004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Van Petegem, S., Brandstetter, S., Van Swygenhoven, H.Martin, J.L.: Internal and effective stresses in nanocrystalline electrodeposited Ni. Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 073102 2006Google Scholar
5Li, J.C.M.Michalak, J.T.: On “The effect of work hardening on the stress dependence of dislocation velocity”. Acta Metall. 12, 1457 1964Google Scholar
6Gupta, I.Li, J.C.M.: Stress relaxation, internal stress and work hardening in LiF and NaCl crystals. Mater. Sci. Eng. 6, 20 1970CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Tanibayashi, M.: A method to determine the internal stress and the stress exponent m of dislocation velocity. Phys. Status Solidi A 120, 19 1990CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Wang, Q.G.Caceres, C.H.: On the strain hardening behaviour of Al–Si–Mg casting alloys. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 234–236, 106 1997CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9Drozd, Z., Trojanova, Z.Kudela, S.: Degradation of the mechanical properties of a Mg–Li–Al composite at elevated temperatures studied by the stress relaxation technique. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 462, 234 2007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Cheng, Y.T.Cheng, C.M.: Relationships between hardness, elastic modulus, and the work of indentation. Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 614 1998Google Scholar
11Li, X.D.Bhushan, B.: A review of nanoindentation continuous stiffness measurement technique and its applications. Mater. Charact. 48, 11 2002Google Scholar
12VanLandingham, M.R.: Review of instrumented indentation. J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 108, 249 2003Google Scholar
13Nix, W.D.Gao, H.: Indentation size effects in crystalline materials: A law for strain gradient plasticity. J. Mech. Phys. Solid. 46, 411 1998Google Scholar
14Wei, Y.Hutchinson, J.W.: Hardness trends in micron scale indentation. J. Mech. Phys. Solid. 51, 2037 2003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Huang, Y., Zhang, F., Hwang, K.C., Nix, W.D., Phar, G.M.Feng, G.: A model of size effects in nano-indentation. J. Mech. Phys. Solid. 54, 1668 2006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Li, J., van Vliet, K.J., Zhu, T., Yip, S.Suresh, S.: Atomistic mechanisms governing elastic limit and incipient plasticity in crystals. Nature 418, 307 2002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17Schuh, C.A., Mason, J.K.Lund, A.C.: Quantitative insight into dislocation nucleation from high-temperature nanoindentation experiments. Nat. Mater. 4, 617 2005Google Scholar
18Schall, P., Cohen, I., Weitz, D.A.Spaepen, F.: Visualizing dislocation nucleation by indenting colloidal crystals. Nature 440, 319 2006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19Kearney, C., Zhao, Z., Bruet, B.J.F., Radovitzky, R., Boyce, M.C.Ortiz, C.: Nanoscale anisotropic plastic deformation in single crystal aragonite. Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 255505 2006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20Vlassak, J.J., Ciavarella, M., Barbe, J.R.Wang, X.: The indentation modulus of elastically anisotropic materials for indenters of arbitrary shape. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 51, 1701 2003Google Scholar
21Dao, M., Chollacoop, N., Van Vliet, K.J., Venkatesh, T.A.Suresh, S.: Computational modeling of the forward and reverse problems in instrumented sharp indentation. Acta Mater. 49, 3899 2001Google Scholar
22Oliver, W.C.Pharr, G.M.: Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. J. Mater. Res. 19, 3 2004Google Scholar
23Schoz, T., Schneider, G.A., Munoz-Saladana, J.Swain, M.V.: Fracture toughness from submicron derived indentation cracks. Appl. Phys. Lett. 19, 3055 2004Google Scholar
24Zhao, M.H., Ogasawara, N., Chiba, N.Chen, X.: A new approach to measure the elastic-plastic properties of bulk materials using spherical indentation. Acta Mater. 54, 23 2006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Chu, S.N.G.Li, J.C.M.: Localized stress relaxation by impression testing. Mater. Sci. Eng. 45, 167 1980Google Scholar
26Mason, J.K., Lund, A.C.Schuh, C.A.: Determining the activation energy and volume for the onset of plasticity during nanoindentation. Phys. Rev. B 73, 054102 2006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Xu, B.X., Yue, Z.F.Wang, J.: Indentation fatigue behaviour of polycrystalline copper. Mech. Mater. 39, 1066 2007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Borbely, A., Blum, W.Ungar, T.: On the relaxation of the long-range internal stresses of deformed copper upon unloading. Mater. Sci. Eng., A 276, 186 2000Google Scholar
29Merchant, H.D.: Stress relaxation and creep of 12 to 35 μm copper foil. J. Electron. Mater. 26, 833 1997Google Scholar
30Kruml, T., Coddet, O.Martin, J.L.: About the determination of the thermal and athermal stress components from stress-relaxation experiments. Acta Mater. 56, 333 2008CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Kleintges, M.Haasen, P.: Revised measurements of dislocation velocities in Cu–Al single crystals. Scr. Metall. 14, 999 1980CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32Butt, M.Z.Sani, M.Y.: Power-like dependence of the dislocation velocity on flow stress in the kink-pair model of solid-solution hardening. J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 7, 1379 1988CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33Blum, W.: in R.W. Cahn, P. Hasasen, and E.J. Kramer (Eds.) Materials Science and Technology, Plastic Deformation and Fracture Pergamon Press Oxford 1993Google Scholar
34Nix, W.D., Coghlan, W.A.Barrett, C.R.: Effect of internal stresses on the apparent stress dependence of dislocation velocities. Mater. Sci. Eng. 4, 98 1969CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35Kim, J.H., Semiatin, S.L.Lee, C.S.: Constitutive analysis of the high-temperature deformation of Ti–6Al–4V with a transformed microstructure. Acta Mater. 51, 5613 2003Google Scholar
36Meyers, M.A., Mishra, A.Benson, D.J.: Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials. Prog. Mater. Sci. 51, 427 2006CrossRefGoogle Scholar