Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T11:19:56.915Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Characterization and investigation of size effect in nano-impact indentations performed using cube-corner indenter tip

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2017

Abhi Ghosh
Affiliation:
Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C5, Quebec, Canada
Sumin Jin
Affiliation:
Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C5, Quebec, Canada
Javier Arreguin-Zavala
Affiliation:
Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C5, Quebec, Canada
Mathieu Brochu*
Affiliation:
Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C5, Quebec, Canada
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The traditional macro-scale form of dynamic indentation measures the dynamic deformation behavior of a material by simulating impact conditions. Similarly, the nano-impact indentation technique, with small-scale contacts and high spatial resolutions, is a novel technique for obtaining mechanical properties of materials at dynamic strain rates (>102 s−1). Nano-impact hardness values display a decreasing trend or size effect that continues for several micrometers of indentation depth, compared to the primarily sub micrometer depth range of size effect in quasi-static nanoindentations. For the first time, the factors behind the enhanced size effects for dynamic micro-scale indentations have been investigated by the current work: non-uniform loading and resulting instability using strain rate profiles, plastic wave behavior during loading using resistance force versus indentation depth profiles, quantification of energy of the dynamic plastic wave, and localization of impact strain using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) mapping of the strain affected vicinity of indentation imprints.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Contributing Editor: Jürgen Eckert

References

REFERENCES

Oliver, W.C. and Pharr, G.M.: Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. J. Mater. Res. 19(01), 3 (2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, W., Yao, Y.L., and Noyan, I.C.: Microscale laser shock peening of thin films, part 2: High spatial resolution material characterization. J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 126(1), 18 (2004).Google Scholar
Krishna, S.C., Gangwar, N.K., Jha, A.K., and Pant, B.: On the prediction of strength from hardness for copper alloys. J. Mater. Sci. 2013, 6 (2013).Google Scholar
Alao, A.R. and Yin, L.: Loading rate effect on the mechanical behavior of zirconia in nanoindentation. J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 619, 247 (2014).Google Scholar
Xiao, G., Yuan, G., Jia, C., Yang, X., Li, Z., and Shu, X.: Strain rate sensitivity of Sn–3.0Ag–0.5Cu solder investigated by nanoindentation. J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 613, 336 (2014).Google Scholar
Song, J-M., Shen, Y-L., Su, C-W., Lai, Y-S., and Chiu, Y-T.: Strain rate dependence on nanoindentation responses of interfacial intermetallic compounds in electronic solder joints with Cu and Ag substrates. Mater. Trans. 50(5), 1231 (2009).Google Scholar
Shah, Q.H.: Strain rate on the failure strain and hardness of metallic armor plates subjected to high velocity projectile impact. In Adv. Mater., Farooque, M., Rizvi, S.A., and Mirza, J.A., eds. (International Symposium on Advanced Materials, Islamabad, 2005); pp. 639645.Google Scholar
Zener, C. and Hollomon, J.H.: Effect of strain rate upon plastic flow of steel. J. Appl. Phys. 15(1), 22 (1944).Google Scholar
Dodd, B. and Bai, Y.: Adiabatic Shear Localization Frontiers and Advances (Elsevier, London, 2012).Google Scholar
Meyers, M.A., Nesterenko, V.F., LaSalvia, J.C., and Xue, Q.: Shear localization in dynamic deformation of materials: Microstructural evolution and self-organization. J. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 317(1–2), 204 (2001).Google Scholar
Poirier, J.P.: Shear localization and shear instability in materials in the ductile field. J. Struct. Geol. 2(1–2), 135 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slater, R.A.C. and Johnson, W.: The effects of temperature, speed and strain rate on the force and energy required in blanking. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 9(5), 271 (1967).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heyman, J. and Leckie, F.A.: Engineering Plasticity: Papers for a Conference Held in Cambridge (Cambridge University Press, London, 1968).Google Scholar
Lawn, B.R., Hockey, B.J., and Wiederhorn, S.M.: Thermal effects in sharp-particle contact. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 63(5–6), 356 (1980).Google Scholar
Sundararajan, G. and Tirupataiah, Y.: The localization of plastic flow under dynamic indentation conditions: I. Experimental results. Acta Mater. 54(3), 565 (2006).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, W.: Impact Strength of Materials (Edward Arnold, London, 1972).Google Scholar
Qiao, P., Yang, M., and Bobaru, F.: Impact mechanics and high-energy absorbing materials: Review. J. Aerosp. Eng. 21(4), 235 (2008).Google Scholar
Jennett, N.M. and Nunn, J.: High resolution measurement of dynamic (nano) indentation impact energy: A step towards the determination of indentation fracture resistance. Philos. Mag. 91(7–9), 1200 (2011).Google Scholar
Bouzakis, K.D., Skordaris, G., Gerardis, S., and Bouzakis, E.: Nano-impact test on PVD-coatings with graded mechanical properties for assessing their brittleness Ermittlung der Sprödigkeit von PVD-Beschichtungen mit abgestuften mechanischen Eigenschaften mittels nano-impact-tests. Materialwiss. Werkstofftech. 44(8), 684 (2013).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beake, B.D., Vishnyakov, V.M., and Colligon, J.S.: Nano-impact testing of TiFeN and TiFeMoN films for dynamic toughness evaluation. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 44(8), 085301 (2011).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Constantinides, G., Tweedie, C.A., Savva, N., Smith, J.F., and Vliet, K.J.: Quantitative impact testing of energy dissipation at surfaces. Exp. Mech. 49(4), 511 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Somekawa, H. and Schuh, C.A.: High-strain rate nanoindentation behavior of fine-grained magnesium alloys. J. Mater. Res. 27(09), 1295 (2012).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menčík, J.: Uncertainties and errors in nanoindentation. In Nanoindentation in Materials Science, Nemecek, J., ed. (InTech, Rijeka, 2012); p. 53.Google Scholar
Nix, W.D. and Gao, H.: Indentation size effects in crystalline materials: A law for strain gradient plasticity. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 46(3), 411 (1998).Google Scholar
Arreguin-Zavala, J., Milligan, J., Davies, M., Goodes, S., and Brochu, M.: Characterization of nanostructured and ultrafine-grain aluminum–silicon claddings using the nanoimpact indentation technique. JOM 65(6), 763 (2013).Google Scholar
Armstrong, R., Arnold, W., and Zerilli, F.: Dislocation mechanics of shock-induced plasticity. Metall. Mater. Trans. A 38(11), 2605 (2007).Google Scholar
Kun, Q., Li-Ming, Y., and Shi-Sheng, H.: Mechanism of strain rate effect based on dislocation theory. Chin. Phys. Lett. 26(3), 036103 (2009).Google Scholar
Tirupataiah, Y. and Sundararajan, G.: A dynamic indentation technique for the characterization of the high strain rate plastic flow behaviour of ductile metals and alloys. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 39(2), 243 (1991).Google Scholar
Rao, J.G. and Varma, S.K.: The effect of grain size and strain rate on the substructures and mechanical properties in nickel 200. Metall. Trans. A 24(11), 2559 (1993).Google Scholar
Meyers, M.A.: Dynamic Behavior of Materials (Wiley, New York, 1994); pp. 5457.Google Scholar
Cheval, F. and Priester, L.: Effect of strain rate on the dislocation substructure in deformed copper polycrystals. Scr. Metall. 23(11), 1871 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edington, J.: The influence of strain rate on the mechanical properties and dislocation substructure in deformed copper single crystals. Philos. Mag. 19(162), 1189 (1969).Google Scholar
Kumar, A. and Kumble, R.G.: Viscous drag on dislocations at high strain rates in copper. J. Appl. Phys. 40(9), 3475 (1969).Google Scholar
Andrews, E., Giannakopoulos, A., Plisson, E., and Suresh, S.: Analysis of the impact of a sharp indenter. Int. J. Solids Struct. 39(2), 281 (2002).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tabor, D.: The Hardness of Metals (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1951).Google Scholar
Armstrong, R. and Walley, S.: High strain rate properties of metals and alloys. Int. Mater. Rev. 53(3), 105 (2008).Google Scholar
Rajaraman, S., Jonnalagadda, K.N., and Ghosh, P.: Indentation and dynamic compression experiments on microcrystalline and nanocrystalline nickel. In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Vol. 1 (Springer, New York, 2013); p. 157.Google Scholar
Chou, S., Robertson, K., and Rainey, J.: The effect of strain rate and heat developed during deformation on the stress–strain curve of plastics. Exp. Mech. 13(10), 422 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armstrong, R., Coffey, C., and Elban, W.: Adiabatic heating at a dislocation pile-up avalanche. Acta Metall. 30(12), 2111 (1982).Google Scholar
Coffey, C.S. and Armstrong, R.W.: Description of “Hot Spots” Associated with Localized Shear Zones in Impact Tests (Springer, New York, 1981).Google Scholar
Hodowany, J., Ravichandran, G., Rosakis, A., and Rosakis, P.: Partition of plastic work into heat and stored energy in metals. Exp. Mech. 40(2), 113 (2000).Google Scholar
Johnson, G.R. and Cook, W.H.: A constitutive model and data for metals subjected to large strains, high strain rates and high temperatures. In Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ballistics, Vol. 21 (The Hague, The Netherlands, 1983); pp. 541547.Google Scholar
Kumar, A. and Pollock, T.M.: Mapping of femtosecond laser-induced collateral damage by electron backscatter diffraction. J. Appl. Phys. 110(8), 083114 (2011).Google Scholar
Rester, M., Motz, C., and Pippan, R.: Indentation across size scales—A survey of indentation-induced plastic zones in copper {111} single crystals. Scr. Mater. 59(7), 742 (2008).CrossRefGoogle Scholar