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Bioenergetics and mechanical actuation analysis with membrane transport experiments for use in biomimetic nastic structures

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2006

Luke Matthews ,
Vishnu Baba Sundaresan ,
Victor Giurgiutiu  and
Donald J. Leo
Luke Matthews*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory for Active Materials and Smart Structures, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
Vishnu Baba Sundaresan
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Materials and Smart Systems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
Victor Giurgiutiu
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory for Active Materials and Smart Structures, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
Donald J. Leo
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Intelligent Materials and Smart Systems, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
*
a) Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Nastic structures are synthetic constructs capable of controllable deformation and shape change similar to plant motility, designed to imitate the biological process of nastic movement found in plants. This paper considers the mechanics and bioenergetics of a prototype nastic structure system consisting of an array of cylindrical microhydraulic actuators embedded in a polymeric plate. Non-uniform expansion/contraction of the actuators in the array may yield an overall shape change resulting in structural morphing. Actuator expansion/contraction is achieved through pressure changes produced by active transport across a bilayer membrane. The active transport process relies on ion-channel proteins that pump sucrose and water molecules across a plasma membrane against the pressure gradient. The energy required by this process is supplied by the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate. After reviewing the biochemistry and bioenergetics of the active transport process, the paper presents an analysis of the microhydraulic actuator mechanics predicting the resulting displacement and output energy. Experimental demonstration of fluid transport through a protein transporter follows this discussion. The bilayer membrane is formed from 1-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-[Phospho-L-Serine] (Sodium Salt), 1-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl-sn-Glycero- 3-Phosphoethanolamine lipids to support the AtSUT4 H+-sucrose cotransporter.

Keywords

Biomimetic (chemical reaction)Elastic properties
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 21 , Issue 8 , August 2006 , pp. 2058 - 2067
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2006

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