Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T02:28:48.606Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Atom-probe field ion microscope analysis of surfaces of materials

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Tien T. Tsong
Affiliation:
Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
Chong-lin Chen
Affiliation:
Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
Jiang Liu
Affiliation:
Physics Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
Get access

Abstract

Our recent applications of the atom-probe field ion microscope to the study of physics and chemistry of materials at the atomic level are summarized. The materials applicability of field ion microscopy has recently been extended to silicon, silicide, graphite, high Tc superconductors, and other materials. Atom-probe field ion microscopy has been used for atomic layer by atomic layer chemical analysis of surfaces in alloy and impurity segregations, for analyzing the compositional changes across metal-semiconductor interfaces, and for studying formation of cluster ions in laser stimulated field desorption. The energetics of atoms in solids and on surfaces can be studied by a direct kinetic energy analysis of field desorbed ions using a high resolution pulsed-laser time-of-flight atom-probe and by other field ion microscope measurements. The site specific binding energy of surface atoms can be measured at low temperature, where the atomic structure of the surface is still perfectly defined, to an accuracy of about 0.1 to 0.3 eV.

Type
Commentaries and Reviews
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1See, for example, Miiller, E. W. and Tsong, T. T.Field Ion Microscopy, Principles and Applications (Elsevier, New York, 1969).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2See, for example, Panitz, J. A.CRC Grit. Rev. Solid State Sci. 5, 153 (1975); Meth. Exp. Phys. 22, 349 (1985).Google Scholar
3Tsong, T.T.Surf. Sci. Rep. 8, 127 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4See, for examples, Karlsson, L. and Norden, H.Acta Metall. 36, 13, 35 (1988); H. Norden and H.O. Andren, Surface and Interface Anal. 12, 179 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5Tsong, T.T.McLane, S.B. and Kinkus, T.J.Rev. Sci. Instrum. 53, 1442 (1982); T. T. Tsong Y. Liou and S.B. McLane Rev. Sci. Instrum. 55, 1246 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Tsong, T.T.Surf. Sci. 81, 28 (1979); 85, 1 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7Kellogg, G.L.Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2168 (1985); Q.J. Gao and T.T. Tsong Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 452 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8Tsong, T.T. and Gao, Q.J.Phys. Rev. B35, 7764 (1987).Google Scholar
9Lang, E.Miiller, K.Heinz, K.van Hove, M. A., Koestner, R. J. and Somorjai, G.A.Surf. Sci. 127, 347 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10Melmed, A.J. and Stein, R. J.Surf. Sci. 49, 645 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Liu, H. M.Tsong, T. T. and Liou, Y.Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 1535 (1987); T.T. Tsong H.M. Liu and D.L. Feng Phys. Rev. B36, 2547 (1987).Google Scholar
12Nishikawa, O.Tsunashima, Y.Nomura, E.Horie, S.Wada, M.Shibata, M.Yoshimura, T. and Uemori, R.J. Vac. Sci. Technol Bl6 (1983); T.T. Tsong S. C. Wang H.F. Liu H. Chen and M. Ahmad J. Vac. Sci. Technol. Bl915 (1983).Google Scholar
13Liu, H.F.Liu, H.M. and Tsong, T.T.Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, 1661 (1986).Google Scholar
14Kellogg, G.L. and Brenner, S.S.Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 1851 (1987); A. J. Melmed R.D. Shull C.K. Chiang and H. A. Fowler Science 239, 176 (1988).Google Scholar
15Chen, C. L. and Tsong, T. T.MRS Symposium Proc. (1988).Google Scholar
16Kellogg, G. L. and Brenner, S. S.Appl. Phys. A48, 197 (1989).Google Scholar
17See, for example, Walker, P. L. Jr. and Thrower, P. A.Chemistry and Physics of Carbon 4, 215 (1980).Google Scholar
18Ijima, S.Scripta Physica 14, 117 (1979).Google Scholar
19Miiller, E. W. and Krishnaswamy, S.V.Rev. Sci. Instrum. 45, 1053 (1974).Google Scholar
20For analysis of silicide-metal interfaces, see Tsong, T.T.Wang, S.C.Liu, C.H.F.Chen, H. and Ahmad, M.J. Vac. Sci. Technol. Bl915 (1983). For silicide-silicon interfaces, preliminary analysis of the PdSi2–Si interface was done by Y. Liou and T. T. Tsong (unpublished research).Google Scholar
21Plank, P. van der and Sachtler, W.M.H.J. Catalysis 12, 35 (1968); J. H. Sinfelt L. J. Carter and D. C. J. Yates J. Catalysis 24, 283 (1972); H.H. Brongersma M.J. Sparnaay and T. M. Buck Surf. Sci. 71, 657 (1978).Google Scholar
22Ng, Y. S.Tsong, T.T. and McLane, S.B.Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 588 (1979).Google Scholar
23Ren, D.M. and Tsong, T.T.Surf. Sci. 184, L439 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Ahmad, M. and Tsong, T. T.J. Chem. Phys. 83, 388 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25Tsong, T.T.Ng, Y.S. and Melmed, A.J.Surf. Sci. 77, L187 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Kellogg, G.L.Appl. Surf. Sci. 11/12, 186 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27Tsong, T.T.Appl. Phys. Lett. 45, 1149 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Tsong, T.T.Phys. Rev. B30, 4946 (1984).Google Scholar
29Brown, W. R.Freeman, R. R.Raghavachari, K. and Schlutter, M.Science 235, 860 (1987); H. W. Kroto J. R. Heath S.C. O'Brien, R. F. Curl and R. E. Smally Nature 318, 162 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30Liu, J. and Tsong, T.T.Phys. Rev. B38, 8490 (1988).Google Scholar
31Tsong, T.T.J. Chem. Phys. 85, 639 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32Sattler, K.Muhlback, J.Echt, O.Pfau, P. and Recknagel, E.Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 160 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33Liu, J. and Tsong, T. T. unpublished data.Google Scholar
34Tsong, T.T. and Liou, Y.Phys. Rev. B32, 4340 (1985); Y. Liou and T.T. Tsong J. Phys. 49, C6-105 (1988).Google Scholar
35Liu, J. and Tsong, T. T. (to be published).Google Scholar
36Liu, J.Tsong, T. T. and Kellogg, G. L. (to be published).Google Scholar
37See, for example, Tsong, T.T.Rept. Prog. Phys. 51, 759 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38Ehrlich, G. and Stolt, K.Ann. Rev. Chem. 31, 603 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39Tsong, T. T. and Casanova, R.Phys. Rev. B24, 3063 (1981); F. Watanabe and G. Ehrlich Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1146 (1989).Google Scholar
40Cowan, P.L. and Tsong, T.T.Surf. Sci. 67, 158 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar