Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T11:22:26.308Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Third-order optical nonlinearity of CdS nanocrystals embedded in sodium borosilicate glass studied by the Z-scan technique

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

Xin-yu Yang ,
Wei-dong Xiang ,
Xi-yan Zhang ,
Xiao-juan Liang ,
Hai-tao Liu ,
Shi-xun Dai  and
Fei-fei Chen
Wei-dong Xiang*
Affiliation:
College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
Xi-yan Zhang
Affiliation:
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
Hai-tao Liu
Affiliation:
College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
Fei-fei Chen
Affiliation:
College of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

CdS nanocrystals embedded in sodium borosilicate glass were synthesized through sol-gel process. The CdS nanocrystals were usually 10 to 20 nm in size. The microstructure of CdS nanocrystals was determined to be of the hexagonal phase. The morphology and microstructure of the glass were examined using diverse techniques including scanning-probe microscopy (SPM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy dispersion x-ray spectra (EDAX), and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM). The linear optical absorption spectrum of the glass showed a blue shift as a result of quantum-size effect. Furthermore, the third-order optical nonlinearities of the glass were studied by Z-scan technique at a wavelength of 770 nm. The results showed that the third-order optical nonlinear refractive index γ, absorption coefficient β, and susceptibility χ(3) were determined to be −2.16 × 10−16 m2/W, 6.32 × 10−11 m/W, and 1.20 × 10−10 esu, respectively, which were greater than those reported previously for CdS nanocrystals embedded in different matrices.

Keywords

Sol-gelOptical propertiesMicrostructure
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 25 , Issue 3 , March 2010 , pp. 491 - 499
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Alivisatos, A.P.Semiconductor clusters, nanocrystals, and quantum dots. Science 27, 933 (1996)Google Scholar
2.Cotter, D., Burt, M.G., Manning, R.J.Below band gap third order optical nonlinearity of nanometer size semiconductor crystallited. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1200 (1992)Google Scholar
3.Banfi, G.P., Degiorgio, V., Ricard, D.Non-resonant optical nonlinearities of semiconductor nanocrystals. Adv. Phys. 47, 447 (1998)Google Scholar
4.Banfi, G.P., Degiorgio, V., Fortusini, D., Tan, H.M.Third-order nonlinearity of semiconductor doped glasses at frequencies below band gap. Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 13 (1995)Google Scholar
5.Banfi, G.P., Degiorgio, V., Ghigliazza, M., Tan, H.M., Tomaselli, A.Two-photon absorption in semiconductor nanocrystals. Phys. Rev. B 50, 5699 (1994)CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Bindra, K.S., Kar, A.K.Role of femtosecond pulses in distinguishing third- and fifth-order nonlinearity for semiconductor-doped glasses. Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 3761 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Stucky, G.D., MacDougall, J.E.Quantum confinement and host/guest chemistry: Probing a new dimension. Science 247, 669 (1990)Google Scholar
8.Pan, H., Poh, C.K., Zhu, Y.W., Xing, G.C., Chin, K.C., Feng, Y.P., Lin, J.Y., Sow, C.H., Ji, W., Wee, A.T.S.Novel CdS nanostructures: Synthesis and field emission. J. Phys. Chem. C 112, 11227 (2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Lin, Y.F., Song, J.H., Ding, Y., Lu, S.Y., Wang, Z.L.Alternating the output of a CdS nanowire nanogenerator by a white-light-stimulated optoelectronic effect. Adv. Mater. 20, 3127 (2008)Google Scholar
10.Shen, G.Z., Cho, J.H., Yoo, J.K., Yi, G.C., Lee, C.J.Synthesis of single-crystal CdS microbelts using a modified thermal evaporation method and their photoluminescence. J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 9294 (2005)CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
11.Du, H., Xu, G.Q., Chin, W.S.Synthesis, characterization, and nonlinear optical properties of hybridized CdS-polystyrene nanocomposites. Chem. Mater. 14, 4473 (2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Hyun, S.K., Myoung, H.L., Nak, C.J., Seung, M.L., Bum, K.R., Kyung, B.Y.Very high third-order nonlinear optical activities of intrazeolite PbS quantum dots. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 15070 (2006)Google Scholar
13.Xiang, W.D., Tang, S.S., Zhang, X.Y., Liang, X.J.Glasses doped with PbS nanocrystals. J. Alloys Compd. 471, 498 (2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Duan, X.F., Huang, Y., Agarwal, R., Lieber, C.M.Single-nanowire electrically driven lasers. Nature 421, 241 (2003)CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Pan, A.L., Liu, D., Liu, R.B., Wang, F.F., Zhu, X., Zou, B.S.Optical waveguide through CdS nanoribbons. Small 1, 980 (2005)Google Scholar
16.Robert, E.S., Kevin, B.S., John, P.K., Van, E.W., Jerry, A.J.Nanocomposite photonic polymers. 1. Third-order nonlinear optical properties of capped cadmium sulfide nanocrystals in an ordered polydiacetylene host. J. Phys. Chem. A 102, 5622 (1998)Google Scholar
17.He, J., Ji, W., Ma, G.H., Tang, S.H., Kong, E.S.W., Chow, S.Y., Zhang, X.H., Hua, Z.L., Shi, J.L.Ultrafast and large third-order nonlinear optical properties of CdS nanocrystals in polymeric film. J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 4373 (2005)CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Dalmas, D., Lelarge, A., Vandembroucq, D.Quantitative AFM analysis of phase separated borosilicate glass surfaces. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353, 4672 (2007)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Gong, Y.M., Joo, W.C., Kim, Y.S., Jin, K.K.Inorganic nanoporous films from block copolymer thin film. Chem. Mater. 20, 1203 (2008)Google Scholar
20.Nilima, V., Hullavarad, S.S.H.Synthesis and characterization of monodispersed CdS nanoparticles in SiO2 fibers by sol-gel method. Photonics Nanostruct. Fundam. Appl. 5, 156 (2007)Google Scholar
21.Zhai, T.Y., Fang, X.S., Bando, Y.S., Liao, Q., Xu, X.J., Zeng, H.B., Ma, Y., Yao, J.N., Golberg, D.Morphology-dependent stimulated emission and field emission of ordered CdS nanostructure arrays. Acsnano 3, 949 (2009)Google Scholar
22.Miura, Y., Kusano, H., Nanba, T., Matsumoto, S.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of sodium borosilicate glasses. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 290, 1 (2001)Google Scholar
23.Alecer, W.S., Christopher, S.G., Wei, Q., Mostafa, A.E., Ye, C., Valeria, T.M., Kenneth, S.Ultrafast electronic relaxation and charge-carrier localization in CdS/CdSe/CdS quantum-dot quantum-well heterostructures. Nano Lett. 6, 1940 (2006)Google Scholar
24.Yu, Z.H., Megan, A.H., Sara, E.M.Z., Joaquin, C., Todd, D.K., Erik, S.A., John, S.Small-angle rotation in individual colloidal CdSe quantum rods. Acsnano 2, 1179 (2008)Google ScholarPubMed
25.Timothy, T.T., Selvan, S.T., Zhao, L., Gao, S.J., Jackie, Y.Y.Size control, shape evolution, and silica coating of near-infrared-emitting PbSe quantum dots. Chem. Mater. 19, 3112 (2007)Google Scholar
26.Yu, B.L., Zhu, C.S., Gan, F.X., Wu, X.C., Zhang, G.L., Tang, G.Q., Chen, W.J.Optical nonlinearities of Fe2O3 nanoparticles investigated by Z-scan technique. Opt. Mater. 8, 249 (1997)Google Scholar
27.Li, H.P., Kam, C.H., Lam, Y.L., Ji, W.Optical nonlinearities and photo-excited carrier lifetime in CdS in 532 nm. Opt. Commun. 190, 351 (2001)Google Scholar
28.Sheik-Bahae, M., Said, A.A., Wei, T.H., Hagan, D.J., Van Stryland, E.W.Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26, 760 (1990)Google Scholar
29.Cassano, T., Tommasi, R., Ferrara, M., Babudri, F., Farinola, G.M., Naso, F.Substituent-dependence of the optical nonlinearities in poly(2,5-dialkoxy-p-phenylenevinylene) polymers investigated by the Z-scan technique. Chem. Phys. 272, 111 (2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Sugimoto, N., Kanbara, H., Fujiwara, S., Tanaka, K., Shimizugawa, Y.Third-order optical nonlinearities and their ultrafast response in Bi2O3–B2O3–SiO2 glasses. J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 16, 1904 (1999)Google Scholar
31.Lin, Y., Zhang, J., Kumacheva, E.Third-order optical nonlinearity and figure of merit of CdS nanocrystals chemically stabilized in spin-processable polymeric. J. Mater. Sci. 39, 993 (2004)Google Scholar