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Study of C60 transport in porous media and the effect of sorbed C60 on naphthalene transport

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2005

Xuekun Cheng ,
Amy T. Kan  and
Mason B. Tomson
Xuekun Cheng*
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
Amy T. Kan
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
Mason B. Tomson
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

In this study, the transport of water-stable “nano-C60 particles” (a term used to refer to underivatized C60 crystalline nanoparticles, stable in water for months) through a soil column (packed with Lula soil, 0.27% organic carbon) was investigated for the first time. Nano-C60 particle breakthrough experiments were conducted at different flow rates, while other column operating parameters remained fixed through all the experiments. Nano-C60 particles were observed to be more mobile at higher flow velocity: at the flow velocity of 0.38 m/d, the maximum percent of nano-C60 breakthrough (C/C0) was 47%; at the flow velocity of 3.8 m/d, the plateau value of nano-C60 breakthrough was 60%; and at the flow velocity of 11.4 m/d, the plateau value of nano-C60 breakthrough was almost 80%. At the low flow velocity (0.38 m/d), which is typical of groundwater flow, nano-C60 particles showed very limited mobility: after about 57 pore volumes, they deposited to the soil column so rapidly that virtually no nano-C60 was detected in the effluent. This observed “favorable deposition” (attachment efficiency α = 1) was probably due to “filter ripening.” Also the release of nano-C60 particles after flow interruption was observed. The transport of naphthalene through the same soil column containing 0.18% nano-C60 particles deposited was measured. A retardation factor of about 13 was observed, possibly suggesting that sorbed nano-C60 particles in the soil column sorbed naphthalene similar to soil organic carbon. An asymmetric naphthalene breakthrough curve was observed, which is possibly due to “sorption nonequilibrium.”

Keywords

AdsorptionFullereneNanoparticle
Type
Articles—Energy and The Environment Special Section
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 20 , Issue 12 , December 2005 , pp. 3244 - 3254
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 2005

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